Organic Spectroscopy and Chromatography by M Younas Third Edition
Free Download Organic Spectroscopy and Chromatography by M Younas – Third Edition
Organic Spectroscopy and Chromatography
Authors:
M Younas
PhD. Cambridge
Professor at Institute of Chemistry University of Punjab
Table of Contents
Chapter 1. Introduction
Electromagnetic radiations
Electromagnetic spectrum
Molecular energy levels
Interaction between electromagnetic radiations and molecules
Molecular transitions and spectral regions
Relaxation of the excited molecules
Instruments
Interpretation of spectra
Chapter 2 Ultraviolet-Visible Spectroscopy
Absorption of radiations and electronic transitions, Intensities of absorptions
Effect of solvents on absorptions
Instrumentation
The chromophore
Absorption by conjugated systems
Absorption by aromatic compounds
Applications of ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy
Chapter 3 Infrared Spectroscopy
Vibrational modes and absorption frequencies
Factors influencing absorption frequencies
Intensities
Instrumentation
Sample handling
Interpretation of infrared spectra
Characteristic absorption frequencies of some common functional groups
Applications of infrared spectroscopy
Chapter 4. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Basic theory
Instrumentation
Sample handling
PROTON MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY
The chemical shift
Molecular structure and chemical shifts
Spin-spin splitting
Factors influencing the coupling constants
Simplification of complex spectra
Interpretation of PMR spectra
CARBON-13
MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY
Pulsed Fourier transformation technique
Simplification of CMR spectra
Nuclear over Hauser effect
Gated decoupling
Distortion less enhancement by polarization transfer
Peak intensities
Chemical shifts in CMR spectra
Factors affecting “C chemical shifts
“C chemical shifts in organic compounds
Interpretation of CMR spectra
TWO-DIMENSIONAL NMR SPECTROSCOPY
The rotating frame of reference
Pulse sequences
Spin-echo
Polarization transfer
Carbon-13 with attached protons
Determination of spin-lattice relaxation time Two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy
2-DJ-resolved spectroscopy
2D chemical shift correlation spectroscopy
Chapter 5. Mass Spectrometry
Basic principle
Instrumentation (theory and operation)
The mass spectrum
Determination of molecular weight
Determination of the molecular formula
Determination of the molecular structure
Chapter 6 Chromatography
LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY
Column chromatography
High-performance liquid chromatography
Plane chromatography
GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY
Gas chromatograph
Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
Appendix, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometer
The interferometer
Interferogram
The spectrum
Advantages
Solutions to the Problems
Objective Questions
Answers to the Objective Questions
Compound Index General Index
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