Arrow Pushing in Organic Chemistry An Easy Approach to Understanding Reaction Mechanisms By Daniel E. Levy
Free download Arrow Pushing in Organic Chemistry An Easy Approach to Understanding Reaction Mechanisms By Daniel E. Levy
Authors of: Arrow Pushing in Organic Chemistry An Easy Approach to Understanding Reaction Mechanisms By Daniel E. Levy
Daniel E. Levy
Table of Contents in Arrow Pushing in Organic Chemistry An Easy Approach to Understanding Reaction Mechanisms By Daniel E. Levy
PREFACE
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
1. Introduction
1.1 Definition of Arrow Pushing
1.2 Functional Groups
1.3 Nucleophiles and Leaving Groups
1.4 Summary
Problems
2. Acids
2.1 What are Acids?
2.2 What is Resonance?
2.3 How is Acidity Measured?
2.4 Relative Acidities
2.5 Inductive Effects
2.6 Inductive Effects and Relative Acidities
2.7 Relative Acidities of Hydrocarbons
2.8 Summary
Problems
3. Bases and Nucleophiles
3.1 What are Bases?
3.2 What are Nucleophiles?
3.3 Leaving Groups
3.4 Summary
Problems
4. SN2 Substitution Reactions
4.1 What is an SN2 Reaction?
4.2 What are Leaving Groups?
4.3 Where Can SN2 Reactions Occur?
4.4 SN20 Reactions
4.5 Summary
Problems
5. SN1 Substitution Reactions
5.1 What is an SN1 Reaction?
5.2 How are SN1 Reactions Initiated
5.3 The Carbocation
5.3.1 Molecular Structure and Orbitals
5.3.2 Stability of Carbocations
5.4 Carbocation Rearrangements
5.4.1 1,2-Hydride Shifts
5.4.2 1,2-Alkyl Shifts
5.4.3 Preventing Side Reactions
5.5 Summary
Problems
6. Elimination Reactions
6.1 E1 Eliminations
6.2 E2 Eliminations
6.3 How Do Elimination Reactions Work?
6.4 Summary
Problems
7. Addition Reactions
7.1 Addition of Halogens to Double Bonds
7.2 Markovnikov’s Rule
7.3 Additions to Carbonyls
7.3.1 1,2-Additions
7.3.2 1,4-Additions
7.3.3 Addition –Elimination Reactions
7.4 Summary
Problems
8. Moving Forward
8.1 Functional Group Manipulations
8.2 Name Reactions
8.3 Reagents
8.4 Final Comments
Problems
Appendix 1. pKa Values of Protons Associated with Common
Functional Groups
Appendix 2. Answers and Explanations to Problems
Chapter 1 Solutions
Chapter 2 Solutions
Chapter 3 Solutions
Chapter 4 Solutions
Chapter 5 Solutions
Chapter 6 Solutions
Chapter 7 Solutions
Chapter 8 Solutions
Appendix 3. Student Reaction Glossary
Index
Periodic Table of the Elements
PREFACE
In crafting this comprehensive guide, the endeavor was to offer a resource that elucidates the intricate domain of organic chemistry with clarity and coherence. Through the sequential exploration of fundamental concepts to more advanced topics, this text aims to equip learners with a robust understanding of organic reactions, mechanisms, and principles.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Gratitude extends to those whose support and insights have contributed to the fruition of this work. Their guidance and encouragement have been invaluable throughout the writing process.
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
An esteemed authority in the field of organic chemistry, the author brings a wealth of knowledge and experience to this endeavor. With a passion for education and a commitment to clarity, the author endeavors to make complex concepts accessible to learners of all levels.
1. Introduction
1.1 Definition of Arrow Pushing
The introductory chapter lays the foundation for understanding the principles of arrow pushing, a fundamental technique in organic chemistry used to depict electron movement during chemical reactions. Through illustrative examples and clear explanations, readers are introduced to this indispensable tool for elucidating reaction mechanisms.
1.2 Functional Groups
Exploring the diverse array of functional groups, this section delves into the structural motifs that impart distinctive chemical properties to organic molecules. Through detailed examination and classification, readers gain insight into the role of functional groups in shaping reactivity and molecular behavior.
1.3 Nucleophiles and Leaving Groups
Central to understanding organic reactions is the concept of nucleophiles and leaving groups. This segment elucidates the pivotal roles these species play in reaction mechanisms, providing a framework for comprehending the dynamics of substitution and elimination processes.
1.4 Summary
The introductory chapter culminates in a concise summary, encapsulating key concepts and laying the groundwork for the chapters that follow.
Problem
Challenges are presented at the end of each chapter to reinforce comprehension and facilitate application of the concepts covered.
2. Acids
2.1 What are Acids?
Delving into the nature of acids, this chapter elucidates their fundamental properties and behaviors, laying the groundwork for understanding acidity trends and their implications in organic reactions.
2.2 What is Resonance?
Resonance phenomena are explored, revealing how delocalization of electrons influences the stability and reactivity of molecules. Through illustrative examples, readers gain insight into the pervasive role of resonance in organic chemistry.
2.3 How is Acidity Measured?
Methods for quantifying acidity are examined, providing a framework for comparing the relative strengths of different acids and elucidating factors that influence acidity trends.
2.4 Relative Acidities
Building upon the preceding discussion, this section delves into the concept of relative acidities, exploring how structural factors and electronic effects dictate acid strength.
2.5 Inductive Effects
The phenomenon of inductive effects is elucidated, revealing how electron-withdrawing and electron-donating substituents influence the acidity of organic molecules.
2.6 Inductive Effects and Relative Acidities
The interplay between inductive effects and relative acidities is explored, shedding light on the nuanced factors that govern acid-base equilibria.
2.7 Relative Acidities of Hydrocarbons
Special consideration is given to the relative acidities of hydrocarbons, providing insight into the unique reactivity patterns exhibited by these fundamental organic compounds.
2.8 Summary
A concise summary distills the key insights garnered from the exploration of acids, resonance, and acidity trends.
File Size: 3.41 MB. Pages: 320 Please read Disclaimer.
Free download Arrow Pushing in Organic Chemistry An Easy Approach to Understanding Reaction Mechanisms By Daniel E. Levy
You may also like to download “Organic Chemistry by Paula Yurkanis Bruice 5th Edition”.
Free download hundreds of chemistry books in pdf from HERE.
Please Subscribe to our Email list and get notified of our latest uploads (Books, documents) and new updates. Email Subscription Box is provided on the sidebar (for PC) and on the bottom of this post (for Android Devices).
Kindly Like, Follow and Share our social media pages so that maximum people can benefit from this public service!
Facebook Instagram LinkedIn Twitter Pinterest
P.S: If the download link(s) is/are not working, kindly drop a comment below, so we’ll update the download link for you.
Happy reading!