Organic Chemistry by Paula Yurkanis Bruice 5th Edition (informative)
Free download Organic Chemistry by Paula Yurkanis Bruice 5th Edition
5th Edition
Authors of: Organic Chemistry by Paula Yurkanis Bruice 5th Edition
Paula Yurkanis Bruice
Table of Contents in Organic Chemistry by Paula Yurkanis Bruice 5th Edition
I: AN INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
1. ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE AND BONDING · ACIDS AND BASES
1.1 **The Structure of an Atom**
Atoms are fundamental units of matter, comprising a nucleus of protons and neutrons, surrounded by electrons.
1.2 **How the Electrons in an Atom are Distributed**
The distribution of electrons in atomic orbitals influences the chemical behavior of elements.
1.3 **Ionic and Covalent Bonds**
– **Ionic Bonds are Formed by the Transfer of Electrons**
– **Covalent Bonds are Formed by Sharing Electrons**
– *Polar Covalent Bonds*
1.4 **How the Structure of a Compound is Represented**
Various methods, including Lewis Structures, Kekule Structures, and Condensed Structures, represent compound structures.
1.5 **Atomic Orbitals**
Understanding the shapes and energy levels of atomic orbitals is crucial for predicting molecular geometry.
1.6 **An Introduction to Molecular Orbital Theory**
Examining how atomic orbitals combine to form molecular orbitals, affecting bonding in compounds.
1.7 **How Single Bonds are Formed in Organic Compounds**
Exploring single bonds in compounds like methane and ethane.
1.8 **How a Double Bond is Formed: The Bonds in Ethene**
1.9 **How a Triple Bond is Formed: The Bonds in Ethyne**
1.10 **The Bonds in the Methyl Cation, the Methyl Radical, and the Methyl Anion**
– *The Methyl Cation*
– *The Methyl Radical*
– *The Methyl Anion*
1.11 **The Bonds in Water**
1.12 **The Bonds in Ammonia and in the Ammonium Ion**
1.13 **The Bonds in the Hydrogen Halides**
1.14 **Summary: Hybridization, Bond Lengths, Bond Strengths, and Bond Angles**
1.15 **The Dipole Moments of Molecules**
1.16 **An Introduction to Acids and Bases**
1.17 **pKa and pH**
1.18 **Organic Acids and Bases**
1.19 **How to Predict the Outcome of an Acid-Base Reaction**
1.20 **How the Structure of an Acid Affects Its Acidity**
1.21 **How Substituents Affect the Strength of an Acid**
1.22 **An Introduction to Delocalized Electrons**
1.23 **A Summary of the Factors that Determine Acid Strength**
1.24 **How the pH Affects the Structure of an Organic Compound**
1.25 **Buffer Solutions**
1.26 **The Second Definition of Acid and Base: Lewis Acids and Bases**
2. AN INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIC COMPOUNDS NOMENCLATURE, PHYSICAL PROPERTIES, AND REPRESENTATION OF STRUCTURE
2.1 **How Alkyl Substituents are Named**
2.2 **Nomenclature of Alkanes**
2.3 **Nomenclature of Cycloalkanes**
2.4 **Nomenclature of Alkyl Halides**
2.5 **Nomenclature of Ethers**
2.6 **Nomenclature of Alcohols**
2.7 **Nomenclature of Amines**
2.8 **The Structures of Alkyl Halides, Alcohols, Ethers, and Amines**
– *Boiling Points*
– *Melting Points*
– *Solubility*
2.9 **Rotation Occurs About Carbon-Carbon Bonds**
2.10 **Some Cycloalkanes Have Ring Strain**
2.11 **Conformations of Cyclohexane**
2.12 **Conformers of Monosubstituted Cyclohexanes**
2.13 **Conformers of Disubstituted Cyclohexanes**
II: ELECTROPHILIC ADDITION REACTIONS, STEREOCHEMISTRY, AND ELECTRON DEELOCALIZATION
3. ALKENES: STRUCTURE, NOMENCLATURE AND AN INTRODUCTION TO REACTIVITY · THERMODYNAMICS AND KINETICS
3.1 **Molecular Formulas and the Degree of Unsaturation**
3.2 **Nomenclature of Alkenes**
3.3 **The Structures of Alkenes**
3.4 **Alkenes Can Have Cis and Trans Isomers**
3.5 **Naming Alkenes Using the E,Z System**
3.6 **How Alkenes React · Curved Arrows Show the Flow of Electrons**
3.7 **Thermodynamics and Kinetics**
– *A Reaction Coordinate Diagram Describes the Reaction Pathway*
– *Thermodynamics: How Much Product Is Formed?*
– *Kinetics: How Fast Is the Product Formed?*
3.8 **Using a Reaction Coordinate Diagram to Describe a Reaction**
4. THE REACTIONS OF ALKENES
4.1 **Addition of a Hydrogen Halide to an Alkene**
4.2 **Carbocation Stability Depends on the Number of Alkyl Groups Attached to the Positively Charged Carbon**
4.3 **The Structure of the Transition State Lies Partway Between the Structures of the Reactants and Products**
4.4 **Electrophilic Addition Reactions Are Regioselective**
4.5 **Acid-Catalyzed Addition Reactions**
– *Addition of Water to an Alkene*
– *Addition of an Alcohol to an Alkene*
4.6 **A Carbocation will Rearrange if It Can Form a More Stable Carbocation**
4.7 **Addition of a Halogen to an Alkene**
4.8 **Oxymercuration-Demercuration: Other Ways to Add Water or Alcohol to an Alkene**
4.9 **Addition of a Peroxyacid to an Alkene**
4.10 **Addition of Borane to an Alkene: Hydroboration-Oxidation**
4.11 **Addition of Hydrogen to an Alkene · The Relative Stabilities of Alkenes**
4.12 **Reactions and Synthesis**
5. **STEREOCHEMISTRY: THE ARRANGEMENT OF ATOMS IN SPACE; THE STEREOCHEMISTRY OF ADDITION REACTIONS**
5.1 **Cis-Trans Isomers Result From Restricted Rotation**
5.2 **A Chiral Object has a Nonsuperimposable Mirror Image**
5.3 **An Asymmetric Center Is a Cause of Chirality In a Molecule**
5.4 **Isomers with One Asymmetric Center**
5.5 **Asymmetric Centers and Stereocenters**
5.6 **How to Draw Enantiomers**
5.7 **Naming Enantiomers by the R,S System**
5.8 **Chiral Compounds are Optically Active**
5.9 **How Specific Rotation is Measured**
5.10 **Enantiomeric Excess**
5.11 **Isomers with More than One Asymmetric Center**
5.12 **Meso Compounds Have Asymmetric Centers but are Optically Inactive**
5.13 **How to Name Isomers with More than One Asymmetric Center**
5.14 **Reactions of Compounds that Contain a Asymmetric
Center**
5.15 **Compounds with Asymmetric Centers can Exhibit Stereoisomerism**
5.16 **Physical Properties of Enantiomers and Racemates**
6. ADDITION REACTIONS OF ALKYNES
6.1 **Nomenclature of Alkynes**
6.2 **The Structure of Alkynes**
6.3 **Reactions of Alkynes**
6.4 **The Stereochemistry of Alkene and Alkyne Addition Reactions**
6.5 **Synthesis Using Alkynes**
7. **CONJUGATION IN ALKENES AND ORBITAL SYMMETRY**
File Size: 27.7 MB. Pages: 1227 Please read Disclaimer.
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