Thermochemical Processes Principles and Models By C. B. Alcock (informative)
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Authors of: Thermochemical Processes Principles and Models By C. B. Alcock
C. B. Alcock
Table of Contents in Thermochemical Processes Principles and Models By C. B. Alcock
Preface
Part 1: Processes with gaseous reaction control
1 Vapour deposition processes
Vapour deposition for the preparation of thin films
Vapour pressure data for the elements
The kinetic theory of a gas in a container
Molecular effusion
Vapour deposition of elements
The deposition rate on a cool substrate
Vapour deposition of alloys
Vapour deposition of compounds
Free evaporation coefficients of solids
Other techniques for the preparation of thin films
Single and epitaxial films in semiconducting systems
Thin film production by the sputtering of metals
The production of nanoparticles
Coating with thin diamond films
Plasma evaporation and pyrolysis of carbon to form Fullerenes
Materials science and the formation of thin films
The formation of nuclei from the vapour phase
The formation of a film from nuclei
Grain growth in the initial deposit
Point defects in solids
Edge and screw dislocations
Interfacial energies in solid systems
Bibliography
Appendix: Vapour pressure data for the elements
2 Gaseous reaction kinetics and molecular decomposition
Theories of reaction kinetics
Thermal energies and the structures of molecules
The collision theory of gaseous reactions
Transition state theory of gaseous reactions
Empirical estimates of the activation energy
The order of chemical reactions
Time dependence of the extent of reaction
Chain reactions
Combustion chain reactions
Chain reactions in the combustion of gaseous fuels
Fuel/air mixing in combustion systems
The thermal efficiencies of combustion engines
Bibliography
Molecular dissociation and chain reactions in chemical vapour deposition
Thermochemical data for the dissociation of gaseous molecules
Bond character in gaseous heteronuclear compounds
Hybridization of covalent bonds
Bond energies of gaseous polyvalent metal halides
Thermal decomposition of hydrides and organometallic compounds
Bibliography
Radiation and electron decomposition of molecules
Photochemical reactions
Dissociation cross-sections
Substrate heating by transmitted radiation
Radiation and convection cooling of the substrate
Laser production of thin films
Molecular decomposition in plasma systems
Bibliography
3 Vapour phase transport processes
Vapour transport processes
Thermodynamics and the optimization of vapour phase transport
The direction of vapour transport across a thermal gradient
The choice of halogen in transport reactions
The vapour phase refining and separation of metals
The thermodynamics of the vapour phase transport of compounds
Multicomponent thermodynamics in gaseous systems
Sintering by vapour phase transport
Grain growth by vapour phase transport
Vapour transport in flowing systems
Transport along a thermal gradient
Mass transport across a flowing gas
Material deposition from a flowing gas
Transport and thermal properties of gases
Equations of state for ideal and real gases
Molecular interactions and the properties of real gases
Bibliography
4 Heterogeneous gas–solid surface reactions
The zeroth order reaction
Adsorption of gases on solids
Surface structures of catalytic materials
Adsorption and the surface energies of metals
Bond mechanisms of adsorbed molecules
Supported metal catalysts
Examples of industrially important catalysts
Thermodynamics of the water–gas shift and steam reforming reactions
Kinetic factors in steam reforming
The Fischer–Tropsch production of organic molecules
The production of ammonia from its elements
The catalytic converter for automobile exhaust
Catalysis by metal oxides
Coupling reactions of methane
Reactors for catalytic processes
Bibliography
Part 2: Rate processes in the solid state
5 Electrical charge and heat transport in solids
The transport of electrons and positive holes
Metals and alloys
Electromigration in alloys
Elemental and compound semiconductors
Metal oxides
Thermal transport in condensed phases
Heat capacities
Thermal conductivity
Bibliography
6 Rate processes in metals and alloys
Structure and diffusion-controlled processes in metallic systems
The structures of metals
Volume diffusion in pure metals
Diffusion in inter-metallic compounds
Diffusion in alloys
Steady state creep in metals
Diffusion in interstitial solutions and compounds
Phase transformations in alloys
The decomposition of Austenite
Transformations in substitutional alloys
Order–disorder transformation
The age-hardening of copper–aluminium alloys
Spinodal decomposition of binary alloys
Metals and alloys in nuclear power reactors
Bibliography
Grain boundary and surface-driven properties in metallic systems
The measurement of the surface energies of metals
Diffusion in grain boundaries and dislocations
Surface diffusion on metals
Powder metallurgy
The production of metal powders
The sintering of solid metal particles
Hot pressing
Ostwald ripening
Grain growth in polycrystalline metals
Processing of powders to form metallic articles
Self-propagating combustion reactions
Inter-diffusion and interaction in thin film microelectronic structures
Bibliography
7 Rate processes in non-metallic systems
Diffusion in elemental semiconductors
Structures and diffusion in metal oxides
The measurement of diffusion coefficients in simple oxides
Surfaces and surface energies in ionic crystals
Sintering of metal oxides
The production and applications of ceramic oxide materials
Electroceramic oxides
Dielectric or ferroelectric oxides
Magnetic oxides
Solid electrolyte sensors and oxygen pumps
Solid oxide fuel cells and membranes
Ceramic superconductors
The redistribution of fission products in UO2 nuclear fuels
Bibliography
8 Gas–solid reactions
The oxidation of metals and compounds
The parabolic rate law
The linear and logarithmic rate laws
Oxidation of metals forming more than one oxide
The oxidation of nickel: volume and grain boundary diffusion
The oxidation of silicon
Complex oxide formation in the oxidation of alloys
Internal oxidation of alloys
The theory of the parabolic oxidation law
The carburizing and oxidation of transition metals
The oxidation of metallic carbides and silicides
The oxidation of silicon carbide and nitride
Bibliography
9 Laboratory studies of some important industrial reactions
The reduction of haematite by hydrogen
Erosion reactions of carbon by gases
The combustion of coal
The oxidation of FeS – parabolic to linear rate law transition
Oxidation of complex sulphide ores – competitive oxidation of cations
The kinetics of sulphation roasting
Heat transfer in gas–solid reactions
Industrial reactors for iron ore reduction to solid iron
The industrial roasting of sulphides
The corrosion of metals in multicomponent gases
Bibliography
Appendix: Thermodynamic data for the Gibbs energy of formation of metal
oxides
Part 3: Processes involving liquids
10 Physical properties and applications of liquid metals
The structures and mechanism of diffusion of liquid metals
Thermophysical properties of liquid metals
Viscosities of liquid metals
Surface energies of liquid metals
Thermal conductivity and heat capacity
The production of metallic glasses
Liquid metals in energy conversion
Liquid phase sintering of refractory materials
Bibliography
The production of crystalline semiconductors
Zone refining of semiconducting elements
11 Physical and chemical properties of glassy and liquid silicates
Metal solubilities in silicate glasses
The production of silicate glasses and glass-containing materials
The production of porcelains
Ceramic electrical insulators
The production of glass-ceramics
Cements
Optical fibres
Chalcogenide glasses
Bibliography
12 The structures and thermophysical properties of molten salts
Hot corrosion of metals by molten salts
Molten carbonate fuel cells
Bibliography
13 Extraction metallurgy
The principles of metal extraction
Metal–slag transfer of impurities
The electron balance in slag–metal transfer
Bubble formation during metal extraction processes
The corrosion of refractories by liquid metals and slags
Extractive processes
The production of lead and zinc
Co-production of lead and zinc in a shaft furnace
The ironmaking blast furnace
The reduction of stable oxides in carbon arc furnaces
Steelmaking and copper production in pneumatic vessels
Steel
Copper
The reduction of oxides and halides by reactive metals
Magnesium
Chromium
Manganese
Heat losses in crucible reactions
Zirconium
Uranium
The electrolysis of molten salts
Magnesium
Sodium
Aluminium
Refractory metals
Bibliography
14 The refining of metals
The effect of slag composition on impurity transfer
The thermodynamics of dilute solutions
The refining of lead and zinc
The separation of zinc and cadmium by distillation
De-oxidation of steels
Vacuum refining of steel
Refining by liquid salts and the Electroslag process
15 Factorial analysis of metal-producing reactions
Bibliography
Index
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