Physical Chemistry By Gilbert W. Castellan 3rd Edition (informative)
Free download Physical Chemistry By Gilbert W. Castellan 3rd Edition
3rd Edition
Authors of: Physical Chemistry By Gilbert W. Castellan 3rd Edition
Gilbert W. Castellan
Table of Contents in Physical Chemistry By Gilbert W. Castellan 3rd Edition
1 Some Fundamental Chemical Concepts 1
1.1 Introduction
1.2 The kinds of matter
1.3 The kinds of substances
1.4 Atomic and molar masses
1.5 Symbols; Formulas
1.6 The mole
1.7 Chemical equations
1.8 The International System of Units, SI
2 Empirical Properties of Gases
2.1 Boyle’s law; Charles’s law
2.2 Molar mass of a gas. Avogadro’s law; The ideal gas law
2.3 The equation of state; Extensive and intensive properties
2.4 Properties of the ideal gas
2.5 Determination of molar masses of gases and volatile
substances
2.6 Mixtures; Composition variables
2.7 Equations of state for a gas mixture; Dalton’s law
2.8 The partial-pressure concept
2.9 The barometric distribution law
Questions
Problems
3
Real Gases
3.1 Deviations from ideal behavior
3.2 Modifying the ideal gas equation; The van der Waals
equation
3.3 Implications of the van der Waals equation
3.4 The isotherms of a real gas
3.5 Continuity of states
3.6 The isotherms of the van der Waals equation
3.7 The critical state
3.8 The law of corresponding states
3.9 Other equations of state
Questions
Problems
4
The Structure of Gases
4.1 Introduction 51
4.2 Kinetic theory of gases; Fundamental assumptions 51
4.3 Calculation of the pressure of a gas 52
4.4 Dalton’s law of partial pressures 57
4.5 Distributions and distribution functions 57
4.6 The Maxwell distribution 58
4.7 Mathematical interlude 62
4.8 Evaluation of A and f3 66
4.9 Calculation of average values using the Maxwell distribution 68
4.10 The Maxwell distribution as an energy distribution 69
4.11 Average values of individual components; Equipartition of
energy
4.12 Equipartition of energy and quantization 74
4.13 Calculation of vibrational heat capacity 77
4.14 The Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution law 80
4.15 Experimental verification of the Maxwell distribution law 81
Questions 82
Problems 82
5 Some Properties of liquids and Solids
5.1 Condensed phases
5.2 Coefficients of thermal expansion and compressibility
5.3 Heats of fusion; Vaporization; Sublimation
5.4 Vapor pressure
5.5 Other properties of liquids
Review of structural differences between solids, liquids, and
gases
The laws of Thermodynamics: Generalities and the
Zeroth law 93
Kinds of energy and the first law of thermodynamics 93
Restrictions on the conversion of energy from one form to
another
The second law of thermodynamics
The Zeroth law of thermodynamics 96
Thermometry 97
Energy and the First Law of Thermodynamics;
Thermochemistry 103
Thermodynamic terms: Definitions 103
Work and heat 104
Expansion work 106
Work of compression 109
Maximum and minimum quantities of work 1 10
Reversible and irreversible transformations 111
Energy and the first law of thermodynamics 1 13
Properties of the energy 1 15
Mathematical interlude; Exact and inexact differentials 1 15
Changes in energy in relation to changes in properties of the
system 1 16
Changes in state at constant volume 1 17
Measurement of (aUlaVh; Joule’s experiment 1 18
Changes in state at constant pressure 1 19
The relation between Cp and Cv 122
The measurement of (aHlaph; Joule-Thomson experiment 124
Adiabatic changes in state 126
A note about problem working 128
Application of the first law of thermodynamics to chemical
reactions. The heat of reaction 129
The formation reaction 131
Conventional values of molar enthalpies 133
The determination of heats of formation 134
Sequences of reactions; Hess’s law 135
Heats of solution and dilution 136
Heats of reaction at constant volume 137
7.25 Dependence of the heat of reaction on temperature
7.26 Bond enthalpies
7.27 Calorimetric measurements
Questions
Problems
Introduction to the Second law of Thermodynamics 153
8.1 General remarks
8.2 The Carnot cycle
8.3 The second law of thermodynamics
8.4 Characteristics of a reversible cycle
8.5 A perpetual-motion machine of the second kind
8.6 The efficiency of heat engines
8.7 Another impossible engine
8.8 The thermodynamic temperature scale
8.9 Retrospection
8.10 Carnot cycle with an ideal gas
8.11 The Carnot refrigerator
8.12 The heat pump
8.13 Definition of entropy
8.14 General proof
8.15 The Clausius inequality
8.16 Conclusion
Questions
Problems
9 Properties of the Entropy and the Third law of
Thermodynamics
10 Spontaneity and Equilibrium
11 Systems of Variable Composition; Chemical Equilibrium
12 Phase Equilibrium in Simple Systems; The Phase Rule
13 Solutions
I. The Ideal Solution and Colligative Properties
14 Solutions
II. More Than One Volatile Component; The Ideal Dilute
Solution
15 Equilibria between Condensed Phases
16 Equilibria in Nonideal Systems
17 Equilibria in Electrochemical Cells
18 Surface Phenomena
19 The Structure of Matter
20 Introduction to Quantum Mechanical Principles
21 The Quantum Mechanics of Some Simple Systems
22 The Hydrogen Atom
23 The Covalent Bond
24 Atomic Spectroscopy
25 Molecular Spectroscopy
26 Intermolecular Forces
27 Structure of Solids
28 Electronic Structure and Macroscopic Properties
29 Structure and Thermodynamic Properties
31 Application to translational degrees of freedom
30 Transport Properties
31 Electrical Conduction
32 Chemical Kinetics
33 Chemical Kinetics
34 Chemical Kinetics
35 Polymers
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