Free download Nanoparticles and Catalysis by Didier Astruc Vol 1

Volume 1

Authors of:  Nanoparticles and Catalysis by Didier Astruc Vol 1

Didier Astruc

Table of Contents in Nanoparticles and Catalysis by Didier Astruc Vol 1

Preface

 List of Contributors

1 Transition-metal Nanoparticles in Catalysis: From Historical

Background to the State-of-the Art

 Didier Astruc

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Historical Background

1.3 Polymers as NP Stabilizers

1.4 Dendrimers as NP Stabilizers

1.5 Ligand Stabilization of NPs

1.6 “Ligand-free” Heck Reactions using Low Pd-Loading

1.7 The Roles of Micelles, Microemulsions, Surfactants and Aerogels

1.8 Ionic Liquid Media for Catalysis by NPs

1.9 Oxide Supports for NP Catalysts

1.10 Carbon Supports for NP Catalysts

1.11 NPs of Noble Metals (Ru, Rh, Pd, Pt and Their Oxides) in

Catalysis

1.12 Gold Nanoparticle-based Catalysts

1.13 Environmental Problems: NOx Pollution and How to Remove NOx

Using NP Catalysis

1.14 Hydrocarbon Reforming: Activation of Hydrocarbons by NP

Catalysts

1.15 Surface Organometallic Chemistry on Metal NPs

1.16 Application and Perspectives in Organic Chemistry

1.17 Conclusion

2 Colloidal Nanoparticles Stabilized by Surfactants or

Organo-Aluminum Derivatives: Preparation and Use as Catalyst

Precursors

 Helmut Bönnemann, Kyatanahalli S. Nagabhushana, and

Ryan M. Richards

2.1 Background

2.2 General Introduction

2.3 Synthetic Methodologies

2.3.1 Stabilization via Surfactants

2.3.1.1 Organosols

2.3.1.2 Hydrosols

2.3.2 “Reductive Stabilization” with Aluminum Alkyls

2.3.2.1 Organosols

2.3.2.2 Hydrosols

2.3.2.3 Formation of Nanoparticle Networks

2.3.3 Shape-Selective Particle Synthesis

2.4 Applications in Catalysis

2.4.1 Quasi-homogeneous Catalysts

2.4.2 Heterogeneous Catalysts

2.4.2.1 The “Precursor Concept”

2.4.3 Applications

2.4.3.1 Fine Chemicals

2.4.3.2 Electrocatalysis

2.5 Miscellaneous Applications and Future Outlook

3 Nanoparticulate Catalysts Based on Nanostructured Polymers

 Lyudmila M. Bronstein, Valentina G. Matveeva, and Esther M. Sulman

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Catalytic Nanoparticles in a Nanostructured Environment

3.2.1 Hydrogenation with Catalytic Nanoparticles

3.2.1.1 Block Copolymer-based Catalysts

3.2.1.1.1 PS-b-P4VP-based Catalysts

3.2.1.1.2 PEO-b-P4VP-based Catalysts

3.2.1.2 Nanoparticulate Catalysts Formed via Microgel Templating

3.2.1.3 Nanoparticulate Catalysts Formed in Highly-functionalized Polymer

Colloids

3.2.2 Oxidation with Catalytic Nanoparticles

3.3 Conclusions and Outlook

4 PAMAM Dendrimer Templated Nanoparticle Catalysts

 Bert D. Chandler and John D. Gilbertson

4.1 Introduction and Background

4.1.1 Traditional Routes to Heterogeneous Catalysts

4.1.2 Molecular Cluster and Colloid Routes

4.1.3 PAMAM Dendrimers

4.2 Synthesis and Characterization of Dendrimer Encapsulated

Nanoparticles

4.2.1 Synthetic Schemes and Nomenclature

4.2.2 Bimetallic Nanoparticles

4.2.3 Core–Shell Nanoparticles

4.2.4 Characterization

4.3 Homogeneous Catalysis

4.3.1 Monometallic Catalysts

4.3.2 Bimetallic Catalysts

4.4 Supported Dendrimer Templated Nanoparticles

4.4.1 Immobilized Intact DENs

4.4.1.1 Electrocatalysis by Immobilized Intact DENs

4.4.1.2 Construction of DENs on Oxide Surfaces

4.4.1.3 DEN Deposition onto Oxide Supports

4.4.2 High Temperature Dendrimer Removal

4.4.2.1 Models for Dendrimer Removal

4.4.2.2 Low Temperature Dendrimer Removal

4.4.3 Monometallic Dendrimer Templated Nanoparticle Catalysts

4.4.4 Supported Bimetallic Dendrimer Templated Nanoparticles

4.4.4.1 Infrared Spectroscopy of Supported Bimetallic Dendrimer Templated

Nanoparticles

4.4.4.2 Catalysis by Supported Bimetallic Dendrimer Templated

Nanoparticles

4.5 Summary, Outlook, and Links Between Homogeneous and

Heterogeneous Catalysis

5 Aerogel Supported Nanoparticles in Catalysis

 Adelina Vallribera and Elies Molins

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Aerogel Nanocomposites as Catalysts of Important Reactions in

Gaseous Media

5.2.1 Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis

5.2.2 Steam Reforming

5.2.3 Oxidation Processes

5.2.3.1 Oxidation of Carbon Monoxide

5.2.3.2 Methanol Oxidation

5.2.3.3 n-Butane Oxidation

5.2.3.4 Volatile Organic Compounds Oxidation

5.2.4 Dehydrochlorination of Chlorinated Volatile Organic

Compounds

5.2.5 Oxygen Reduction Reaction

5.2.6 Cyclohexene Hydrogenation

5.2.7 Isomerization of 1-Butene

5.3 Aerogel Nanocomposites as Catalysts of Important Reactions in

Liquid Media

VIII Contents

5.3.1 Oxidation of Olefi ns

5.3.1.1 Dihydroxylation of Olefi ns

5.3.1.2 Epoxidation of Olefi ns

5.3.2 Claisen–Schmidt Condensation

5.3.3 Mizoroki–Heck C–C Coupling Reactions

5.3.4 Hydrocarbonylation of Aryl Halides

5.3.5 Michael Additions

5.3.6 Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes

6 Transition-metal Nanoparticle Catalysis in Imidazolium Ionic

Liquids

 Jairton Dupont and Dagoberto de Oliveira Silva

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Ionic Liquids: Structural Aspects

6.3 Formation of Nanoparticles in Imidazolium Ionic Liquids

6.4 Stabilization of the Metal Nanoparticles in Imidazolium Ionic

Liquids

6.4.1 Analysis of the Isolated Nanoparticles (XRD and XPS)

6.4.2 Analysis of the MNPs Dispersed in Ionic Liquids

6.4.3 H/D and D/H Labeling Experiments

6.4.4 MNPs in Ionic Liquid/Additive Ligands or Polymeric Stabilizers

6.5 Catalytic Properties of Transition-metal Nanoparticles in Ionic

Liquids

6.5.1 Hydrogenation of Alkenes and Ketones

6.5.2 Hydrogenation of Ketones

6.5.3 Hydrogenations of Arenes

6.5.4 Miscellaneous Reactions

6.6 Conclusions and Perspectives

7 Carbon and Silicon Carbide Nanotubes Containing Catalysts

8 Size-selective Synthesis of Nanostructured Metal and Metal Oxide

Colloids and Their Use as Catalysts

 Manfred T. Reetz

9 Multimetallic Nanoparticles Prepared by Redox Processes Applied in

Catalysis

10 The Role of Palladium Nanoparticles as Catalysts for Carbon–Carbon

Coupling Reactions

11 Rhodium and Ruthenium Nanoparticles in Catalysis

12 Supported Gold Nanoparticles as Oxidation Catalysts

13 Gold Nanoparticles-catalyzed Oxidations in Organic Chemistry

14 Au NP-catalysed Propene Epoxidation by Dioxygen and

Dihydrogen

15 Gold Nanoparticles: Recent Advances in CO Oxidation

 Catherine Loui

16 NO Heterogeneous Catalysis Viewed from the Angle of

Nanoparticles

17 Hydrocarbon Catalytic Reactivity of Supported Nanometallic

Particles

18 Surface Organometallic Chemistry on Metal: Synthesis,

Characterization and Application in Catalysis 553

Index

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