Mass Spectrometry of Polymers By Giorgio Montaudo (informative)
Free download Mass Spectrometry of Polymers By Giorgio Montaudo
Authors of: Mass Spectrometry of Polymers By Giorgio Montaudo
Giorgio Montaudo
Robert P. Lattimer
Table of Contents in Mass Spectrometry of Polymers By Giorgio Montaudo
Preface by Giorgio Montaudo and Robert P. Lattimer
The preface sets the stage for this comprehensive text on mass spectrometry techniques tailored for polymer analysis. Giorgio Montaudo and Robert P. Lattimer introduce readers to the evolving field of polymer mass spectrometry, discussing its historical context, advancements, and the importance of understanding polymer structures and behaviors through specialized techniques.
Chapter 1: Introduction to Mass Spectrometry of Polymers
Authored by Michael J. Polce and Chrys Wesdemiotis, this chapter introduces mass spectrometry in the context of polymer science. It highlights the foundational principles of mass spectrometry, including the detection of polymer masses, fragmentation patterns, and isotopic distributions. The chapter also outlines how mass spectrometry helps identify and analyze polymers’ complex structures, offering an indispensable toolkit for researchers in polymer chemistry.
Chapter 2: Polymer Characterization Methods
In this chapter, Giorgio Montaudo and Maurizio S. Montaudo explore a variety of characterization methods for polymers. This chapter serves as an essential overview of techniques like size exclusion chromatography and thermal analysis that complement mass spectrometric analysis. By understanding these methods, researchers gain insights into polymer molecular weights, branching, and sequence information, crucial for applications in materials science and biotechnology.
Chapter 3: Pyrolysis Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (Py-GC/MS)
Shin Tsuge and Hajime Ohtani detail the use of Pyrolysis-Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) for polymer analysis. Py-GC/MS is a technique where polymers are thermally decomposed into smaller molecules that are then analyzed. This chapter explains how this method allows for the analysis of polymers that are difficult to vaporize directly, making it a valuable tool for studying complex polymer compositions and identifying polymer additives.
Chapter 4: Electrospray Ionization (ESI-MS) and On-Line Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (LC/MS)
Laszlo Prokai introduces Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (ESI-MS) and its combination with Liquid Chromatography (LC) for polymer studies. ESI-MS enables the ionization of large molecules, including polymers, without extensive fragmentation, allowing for intact polymer analysis. The addition of LC helps separate complex polymer mixtures, providing precise molecular information for each component in the sample, which is particularly useful in studying synthetic and natural polymers.
Chapter 5: Direct Pyrolysis of Polymers into the Ion Source of a Mass Spectrometer (DP-MS)
Authored by Giorgio Montaudo and Concetto Puglisi, this chapter discusses Direct Pyrolysis Mass Spectrometry (DP-MS), a technique in which polymers are decomposed directly within the mass spectrometer’s ion source. The chapter explains how DP-MS is advantageous in analyzing polymers without the need for sample preparation, allowing researchers to obtain immediate insights into polymer composition, particularly for polymers that cannot be easily dissolved or vaporized.
Chapter 6: Field Ionization (FI-MS) and Field Desorption (FD-MS)
Robert P. Lattimer explores Field Ionization Mass Spectrometry (FI-MS) and Field Desorption Mass Spectrometry (FD-MS), methods that use an electric field to ionize molecules without excessive fragmentation. This chapter focuses on how FI-MS and FD-MS techniques are particularly beneficial for analyzing thermally labile polymers. These methods provide accurate molecular weights, essential for studying high molecular weight polymers that tend to decompose under conventional ionization conditions.
Chapter 7: Fast Atom Bombardment of Polymers (FAB-MS)
Giorgio Montaudo and Filippo Samperi delve into Fast Atom Bombardment Mass Spectrometry (FAB-MS), a technique in which high-energy atoms bombard the sample, causing ionization. This chapter discusses FAB-MS’s unique suitability for high-molecular-weight polymers and biopolymers, allowing researchers to analyze larger and more complex molecules without extensive fragmentation. FAB-MS is especially useful for polymers that are sensitive to thermal degradation.
Chapter 8: Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (TOF-SIMS)
Authored by David M. Hercules, this chapter covers TOF-SIMS, a powerful technique for surface analysis of polymers. By bombarding a polymer surface with ions, TOF-SIMS helps identify the composition of surface layers and contaminants. This method is highly sensitive and is especially useful in the field of materials science, where surface properties often dictate material behavior.
Chapter 9: Laser Fourier Transform Mass Spectrometry (FT-MS)
Salvador J. Pastor and Charles L. Wilkins present Laser FT-MS, an advanced technique that uses laser energy to ionize polymers for high-resolution mass analysis. FT-MS stands out for its precision and ability to measure ions over extended time frames. This chapter explains the method’s value in detailed polymer structural analysis, providing crucial insights into complex polymers like copolymers and block polymers.
Chapter 10: Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry of Polymers (MALDI-MS)
Giorgio Montaudo, Maurizio S. Montaudo, and Filippo Samperi introduce MALDI-MS, a technique where polymers are ionized by a laser in the presence of a matrix. This method is ideal for analyzing large and complex polymers with minimal fragmentation. MALDI-MS is particularly beneficial for synthetic polymers and biopolymers, as it can handle high molecular weights and complex structures, helping researchers examine intricate details such as end-groups and polymer distributions.
Chapter 11: Two-Step Laser Desorption Mass Spectrometry
The final chapter delves into Two-Step Laser Desorption MS, which involves an initial laser desorption step followed by mass analysis. This technique is useful for polymers that require a softer ionization approach to prevent decomposition. Through this method, scientists gain a better understanding of polymer structure and composition, making it invaluable for polymers sensitive to direct ionization.
Each chapter in this comprehensive text not only introduces the basics of various mass spectrometry techniques but also provides insights into the complexities of polymer characterization. Together, these chapters create a valuable reference for students, researchers, and professionals in polymer chemistry, helping them navigate the diverse analytical methods available for studying polymers.
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