Chemistry 2e by Paul Flowers (informative)
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2nd Edition
Authors of: Chemistry 2e by Paul Flowers
Paul Flowers
Table of Contents in Chemistry 2e by Paul Flowers
Preface
CHAPTER 1
Essential Ideas
Introduction
1.1 Chemistry in Context
1.2 Phases and Classification of Matter
1.3 Physical and Chemical Properties
1.4 Measurements
1.5 Measurement Uncertainty, Accuracy, and Precision
1.6 Mathematical Treatment of Measurement Results
Key Terms
Key Equations
Summary
Exercises
CHAPTER 2
Atoms, Molecules, and Ions
Introduction
2.1 Early Ideas in Atomic Theory
2.2 Evolution of Atomic Theory
2.3 Atomic Structure and Symbolism
2.4 Chemical Formulas
2.5 The Periodic Table
2.6 Ionic and Molecular Compounds
2.7 Chemical Nomenclature
Key Terms
Key Equations
Summary
Exercises
CHAPTER 3
Composition of Substances and Solutions
Introduction
3.1 Formula Mass and the Mole Concept
3.2 Determining Empirical and Molecular Formulas
3.3 Molarity
3.4 Other Units for Solution Concentrations
Key Terms
Key Equations
Summary
Exercises
CHAPTER 4
Stoichiometry of Chemical Reactions
Introduction
4.1 Writing and Balancing Chemical Equations
4.2 Classifying Chemical Reactions
4.3 Reaction Stoichiometry
4.4 Reaction Yields
4.5 Quantitative Chemical Analysis
Key Terms
Key Equations
Summary
Exercises
CHAPTER 5
Thermochemistry
Introduction 211
5.1 Energy Basics 212
5.2 Calorimetry 221
5.3 Enthalpy 233
Key Terms 247
Key Equations 248
Summary 248
Exercises 248
CHAPTER 6
Electronic Structure and Periodic Properties of Elements 257
Introduction 257
6.1 Electromagnetic Energy 258
6.2 The Bohr Model 270
6.3 Development of Quantum Theory 274
6.4 Electronic Structure of Atoms (Electron Configurations) 287
6.5 Periodic Variations in Element Properties 295
Key Terms 304
Key Equations 305
Summary 305
Exercises 307
CHAPTER 7
Chemical Bonding and Molecular Geometry 313
Introduction 313
7.1 Ionic Bonding 313
7.2 Covalent Bonding 317
7.3 Lewis Symbols and Structures 322
7.4 Formal Charges and Resonance 332
7.5 Strengths of Ionic and Covalent Bonds 336
7.6 Molecular Structure and Polarity 343
Key Terms 358
Key Equations 359
Summary 359
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Exercises 360
CHAPTER 8
Advanced Theories of Covalent Bonding 375
Introduction 375
8.1 Valence Bond Theory 376
8.2 Hybrid Atomic Orbitals 379
8.3 Multiple Bonds 390
8.4 Molecular Orbital Theory 393
Key Terms 408
Key Equations 408
Summary 409
Exercises 409
CHAPTER 9
Gases 415
Introduction 415
9.1 Gas Pressure 416
9.2 Relating Pressure, Volume, Amount, and Temperature: The Ideal Gas Law 425
9.3 Stoichiometry of Gaseous Substances, Mixtures, and Reactions 437
9.4 Effusion and Diffusion of Gases 449
9.5 The Kinetic-Molecular Theory 454
9.6 Non-Ideal Gas Behavior 458
Key Terms 462
Key Equations 462
Summary 463
Exercises 464
CHAPTER 10
Liquids and Solids 475
Introduction 475
10.1 Intermolecular Forces 476
10.2 Properties of Liquids 487
10.3 Phase Transitions 493
10.4 Phase Diagrams 503
10.5 The Solid State of Matter 510
10.6 Lattice Structures in Crystalline Solids 516
Key Terms 534
Key Equations 535
Summary 535
Exercises 536
CHAPTER 11
Solutions and Colloids 547
Introduction 547
11.1 The Dissolution Process 548
11.2 Electrolytes 552
11.3 Solubility 555
11.4 Colligative Properties 564
11.5 Colloids 583
Key Terms 592
Key Equations 593
Summary 593
Exercises 594
CHAPTER 12
Kinetics 599
Introduction 599
12.1 Chemical Reaction Rates 600
12.2 Factors Affecting Reaction Rates 605
12.3 Rate Laws 607
12.4 Integrated Rate Laws 614
12.5 Collision Theory 625
12.6 Reaction Mechanisms 630
12.7 Catalysis 635
Key Terms 642
Key Equations 642
Summary 643
Exercises 644
CHAPTER 13
Fundamental Equilibrium Concepts 657
Introduction 657
13.1 Chemical Equilibria 657
13.2 Equilibrium Constants 660
13.3 Shifting Equilibria: Le Châtelier’s Principle 669
13.4 Equilibrium Calculations 675
Key Terms 683
Key Equations 683
Summary 683
Exercises 684
CHAPTER 14
Acid-Base Equilibria 693
Introduction 693
14.1 Brønsted-Lowry Acids and Bases 693
14.2 pH and pOH 697
14.3 Relative Strengths of Acids and Bases 702
14.4 Hydrolysis of Salts 716
14.5 Polyprotic Acids 721
14.6 Buffers 724
14.7 Acid-Base Titrations 730
Key Terms 738
Key Equations 738
Summary 739
Exercises 740
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CHAPTER 15
Equilibria of Other Reaction Classes 749
Introduction 749
15.1 Precipitation and Dissolution 749
15.2 Lewis Acids and Bases 763
15.3 Coupled Equilibria 767
Key Terms 772
Key Equations 772
Summary 772
Exercises 773
CHAPTER 16
Thermodynamics 783
Introduction 783
16.1 Spontaneity 783
16.2 Entropy 787
16.3 The Second and Third Laws of Thermodynamics 793
16.4 Free Energy 797
Key Terms a
Key Equations
Summary
Exercises
CHAPTER 17
Electrochemistry
Introduction
17.1 Review of Redox Chemistry
17.2 Galvanic Cells
17.3 Electrode and Cell Potentials
17.4 Potential, Free Energy, and Equilibrium
17.5 Batteries and Fuel Cells
17.6 Corrosion
17.7 Electrolysis
Key Terms
Key Equations
Summary
Exercises
CHAPTER 18
Representative Metals, Metalloids, and Nonmetals
Introduction
18.1 Periodicity
18.2 Occurrence and Preparation of the Representative Metals
18.3 Structure and General Properties of the Metalloids
18.4 Structure and General Properties of the Nonmetals
18.5 Occurrence, Preparation, and Compounds of Hydrogen
18.6 Occurrence, Preparation, and Properties of Carbonates
18.7 Occurrence, Preparation, and Properties of Nitrogen
18.8 Occurrence, Preparation, and Properties of Phosphorus
18.9 Occurrence, Preparation, and Compounds of Oxygen
18.10 Occurrence, Preparation, and Properties of Sulfur
18.11 Occurrence, Preparation, and Properties of Halogens
18.12 Occurrence, Preparation, and Properties of the Noble Gases
Key Terms
Summary
Exercises
CHAPTER 19
CHAPTER 20
CHAPTER 21
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