Free download Organic Chemistry By Karl Wick

Authors of:  Organic Chemistry By Karl Wick

Karl Wick

Table of Contents in Organic Chemistry By Karl Wick

0.1 The Study of Organic Chemistry  

1 Authors  

2 Foreword  

2.1 Purpose and mission  

2.2 Content and Contributions  

2.3 Licensing  

2.4 How to study organic chemistry  

3 Unit 1: Foundational concepts of organic chemistry  

4 History of organic chemistry  

4.1 Brief History  

4.2 Synthesis of Urea  

4.3 Organic vs Inorganic Chemistry  

4.4 Major Advances in the Field of Organic Chemistry  

5 Atomic structure  

5.1 Atomic Structure  

5.2 Shells and Orbitals  

5.3 Filling electron shells  

5.4 Octet rule  

5.5 Hybridization  

6 Electronegativity  

7 Electronegativity content from Wikipedia  

7.1 Pauling scale  

7.2 Mulliken scale  

7.3 Electronegativity trends  

8 Bonding  

8.1 Ionic Bonding  

8.2 Covalent Bonding  

8.3 Bond Polarity and Dipole Moment  

8.4 Van der Waals Bonding  

8.5 Organometallic Compounds and Bonding  

9 Electron dot structures & formal charge  

9.1 Electron Dot Structures  

9.2 Formal Charge  

10 Resonance  

10.1 Resonance  

10.2 Resonance Structures  

10.3 Key characteristics  

10.4 What resonance is not  

10.5 History  

10.6 Examples  

10.7 See also  

10.8 References  

11 Acids and bases  

11.1 Arrhenius Definition: Hydroxide and Hydronium Ions  

11.2 Brønsted-Lowry Acids and Bases: Proton donors and acceptors  

11.3 Lewis Acids and Bases: Electron donors and acceptors  

11.4 Nucleophiles and Electrophiles  

11.5 pKa and Acidity  

12 Unit 2: Alkanes and cycloalkanes  

13 Introduction  

13.1 Introductory Definitions  

13.2 Methane  

13.3 Ethane  

14 Drawing alkanes  

14.1 Line drawing shorthand  

15 Conformations  

15.1 Newman projections  

15.2 Conformations and energy  

15.3 Steric effects  

15.4 Entropy  

16 Preparation of Alkanes  

17 Properties of Alkanes  

17.1 Chemical properties  

18 Introduction to Nomenclature  

18.1 Number of hydrogens to carbons  

18.2 Naming carbon chains up to twelve  

18.3 Isomerism  

18.4 Branched chains  

18.5 Constitutional isomers  

18.6 Naming Alkanes  

18.7 IUPAC naming rules  

18.8 Branched Substituents  

18.9 Common system  

19 See also  

20 Alkanes  

21 Methane and carbon chains  

22 Properties of alkanes  

23 Drawing alkanes  

23.1 Branched alkanes  

24 Constitutional isomers  

25 Naming alkanes  

26 Cycloalkanes  

26.1 Naming cycloalkanes  

26.2 Substituents  

26.3 Multicyclic alkanes  

26.4 Stereochemistry  

26.5 Cyclohexane  

26.6 Other cycloalkanes  

27 Newman projections and conformers  

28 Conformations  

29 Stereoisomers and chirality  

30 Stereoisomers  

30.1 Cis-trans Isomerism  

30.2 Optical Isomerism  

31 Unit 3: Stereochemistry  

32 Chirality  

32.1 Introduction  

32.2 Chiral Compounds With Stereocenters  

32.3 Naming conventions  

32.4 Chiral Compounds Without Stereocenters  

32.5 Properties of optical isomers  

32.6 Chirality in biology  

32.7 Chirality in inorganic chemistry  

32.8 More definitions  

32.9 Enantiopure preparations  

32.10 Enantiopure medications  

32.11 See also  

33 Optical activity  

33.1 Optical Activity  

33.2 What Is Plane Polarized Light?  

33.3 Why Polarized Light Is Affected  

33.4 Enantiomers  

33.5 History  

34 Enantiomers  

34.1 Enantiomers  

35 Meso compounds  

35.1 Meso Compounds  

35.2 Definition of Meso  

35.3 Plane of Symmetry  

35.4 Example of a Meso Compound  

36 Diastereomers  

37 Diastereomers  

37.1 Cis-trans Isomerism  

37.2 E/Z notation  

38 Diastereomers with stereocenters  

38.1 Carbohydrates  

39 Diastereoselectivity  

40 Configurations  

40.1 Configuration and conformation  

41 R-S notational system  

41.1 R and S Notation  

41.2 E-Z notation  

42 Unit 4: Haloalkanes  

43 Preparation  

44 Properties  

44.1 Naming Haloalkanes  

44.2 Physical properties  

44.3 Chemical properties  

45 Reactions  

45.1 Substitution reactions of haloalkanes  

45.2 Grignard reagents  

45.3 Elimination reactions  

46 Unit 5: Alcohols  

47 Preparation  

48 Properties  

48.1 Naming alcohols  

48.2 Acidity  

48.3 Alkoxides  

49 Reactions  

49.1 Conversion of alcohols to haloalkanes  

49.2 Oxidation of alcohols  

50 Unit 6: Amine  

51 Unit 7: Alkenes  

52 Naming Alkenes  

52.1 EZ Notation  

53 Properties  

53.1 Diastereomerism  

54 Relative stability  

55 Reactions  

55.1 Preparation  

55.2 Markovnikov’s Rule  

55.3 Addition reactions  

56 Substitution and Elimination Reaction Mechanisms  

56.1 Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions  

56.2 Elimination Reactions  

57 References  

58 Unit 8: Alkynes  

59 The triple carbon-carbon bond  

60 Alkyne properties  

61 Naming alkynes  

62 Cycloalkynes  

63 Alkyne reactions  

64 Unit 9: Dienes  

65 Kinds of dienes  

66 Conjugation  

67 Diene properties and reactions  

67.1 Hydrobromination

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