Organic Chemistry – A Tenth Edition By John E. McMurry (informative)
Free download Organic Chemistry – A Tenth Edition By John E. McMurry
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Authors of: Organic Chemistry – A Tenth Edition By John E. McMurry
John E. McMurry
Table of Contents in Organic Chemistry – A Tenth Edition By John E. McMurry
Dedication and Preface
CHAPTER 1
Structure and Bonding
Why This Chapter?
1.1 Atomic Structure: The Nucleus
1.2 Atomic Structure: Orbitals
1.3 Atomic Structure: Electron Configurations
1.4 Development of Chemical Bonding Theory
1.5 Describing Chemical Bonds: Valence Bond Theory
1.6 sp3 Hybrid Orbitals and the Structure of Methane
1.7 sp3 Hybrid Orbitals and the Structure of Ethane
1.8 sp2 Hybrid Orbitals and the Structure of Ethylene
1.9 sp Hybrid Orbitals and the Structure of Acetylene
1.10 Hybridization of Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur
1.11 Describing Chemical Bonds: Molecular Orbital Theory
1.12 Drawing Chemical Structures
Chemistry Matters—Organic Foods: Risk versus Benefit
Key Terms
Summary
Additional Problems
CHAPTER 2
Polar Covalent Bonds; Acids and Bases
Why This Chapter? 37
2.1 Polar Covalent Bonds and Electronegativity
2.2 Polar Covalent Bonds and Dipole Moments
2.3 Formal Charges
2.4 Resonance
2.5 Rules for Resonance Forms
2.6 Drawing Resonance Forms
2.7 Acids and Bases: The Brønsted–Lowry Definition
2.8 Acid and Base Strength
2.9 Predicting Acid–Base Reactions from pKa Values
2.10 Organic Acids and Organic Bases
2.11 Acids and Bases: The Lewis Definition
2.12 Noncovalent Interactions between Molecules
Chemistry Matters—Alkaloids: From Cocaine to Dental Anesthetics
Key Terms
Summary
Additional Problems
CHAPTER 3
Organic Compounds: Alkanes and Their Stereochemistry
Why This Chapter?
3.1 Functional Groups
3.2 Alkanes and Alkane Isomers
3.3 Alkyl Groups
3.4 Naming Alkanes
3.5 Properties of Alkanes
3.6 Conformations of Ethane
3.7 Conformations of Other Alkanes
Chemistry Matters—Gasoline
Key Terms
Summary
Additional Problems
CHAPTER 4
Organic Compounds: Cycloalkanes and Their Stereochemistry
Why This Chapter?
4.1 Naming Cycloalkanes
4.2 Cis–Trans Isomerism in Cycloalkanes
4.3 Stability of Cycloalkanes: Ring Strain
4.4 Conformations of Cycloalkanes
4.5 Conformations of Cyclohexane
4.6 Axial and Equatorial Bonds in Cyclohexane
4.7 Conformations of Monosubstituted Cyclohexanes
4.8 Conformations of Disubstituted Cyclohexanes
4.9 Conformations of Polycyclic Molecules
Chemistry Matters—Molecular Mechanics
Key Terms
Summary
Additional Problems
CHAPTER 5
Stereochemistry at Tetrahedral Centers
Why This Chapter?
5.1 Enantiomers and the Tetrahedral Carbon
5.2 The Reason for Handedness in Molecules: Chirality
5.3 Optical Activity
5.4 Pasteur’s Discovery of Enantiomers
5.5 Sequence Rules for Specifying Configuration
5.6 Diastereomers
5.7 Meso Compounds
5.8 Racemic Mixtures and the Resolution of Enantiomers
5.9 A Review of Isomerism
5.10 Chirality at Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur
5.11 Prochirality
5.12 Chirality in Nature and Chiral Environments
Chemistry Matters—Chiral Drugs
Key Terms
Summary
Additional Problems
CHAPTER 6
An Overview of Organic Reactions
Why This Chapter?
6.1 Kinds of Organic Reactions
6.2 How Organic Reactions Occur: Mechanisms
6.3 Polar Reactions
6.4 An Example of a Polar Reaction: Addition of HBr to Ethylene
6.5 Using Curved Arrows in Polar Reaction Mechanisms
6.6 Radical Reactions
6.7 Describing a Reaction: Equilibria, Rates, and Energy Changes
6.8 Describing a Reaction: Bond Dissociation Energies
6.9 Describing a Reaction: Energy Diagrams and Transition States
6.10 Describing a Reaction: Intermediates
6.11 A Comparison Between Biological Reactions and Laboratory Reactions
Chemistry Matters—Where Do Drugs Come From?
Key Terms
Summary
Additional Problems
CHAPTER 7
Alkenes: Structure and Reactivity
Why This Chapter?
7.1 Industrial Preparation and Use of Alkenes
7.2 Calculating the Degree of Unsaturation
7.3 Naming Alkenes
7.4 Cis–Trans Isomerism in Alkenes
7.5 Alkene Stereochemistry and the E,Z Designation
7.6 Stability of Alkenes
7.7 Electrophilic Addition Reactions of Alkenes
7.8 Orientation of Electrophilic Additions: Markovnikov’s Rule
7.9 Carbocation Structure and Stability
7.10 The Hammond Postulate
7.11 Evidence for the Mechanism of Electrophilic Additions: Carbocation Rearrangements
Chemistry Matters—Bioprospecting: Hunting for Natural Products
Key Terms
Summary
Additional Problems
CHAPTER 8
Alkenes: Reactions and Synthesis
Why This Chapter?
8.1 Preparing Alkenes: A Preview of Elimination Reactions
8.2 Halogenation of Alkenes: Addition of X2
8.3 Halohydrins from Alkenes: Addition of HO-X
8.4 Hydration of Alkenes: Addition of H2O by Oxymercuration
8.5 Hydration of Alkenes: Addition of H2O by Hydroboration
8.6 Reduction of Alkenes: Hydrogenation
8.7 Oxidation of Alkenes: Epoxidation and Hydroxylation
8.8 Oxidation of Alkenes: Cleavage to Carbonyl Compounds
8.9 Addition of Carbenes to Alkenes: Cyclopropane Synthesis
8.10 Radical Additions to Alkenes: Chain-Growth Polymers
8.11 Biological Additions of Radicals to Alkenes
8.12 Reaction Stereochemistry: Addition of H2O to an Achiral Alkene
8.13 Reaction Stereochemistry: Addition of H2O to a Chiral Alkene
Chemistry Matters—Terpenes: Naturally Occurring Alkenes
Key Terms
Summary
Summary of Reactions
Additional Problems
CHAPTER 9
Alkynes: An Introduction to Organic Synthesis
CHAPTER 10
Organohalides
CHAPTER 11
Reactions of Alkyl Halides: Nucleophilic Substitutions and
Eliminations
CHAPTER 12
Structure Determination: Mass Spectrometry and Infrared
Spectroscopy
CHAPTER 13
Structure Determination: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
Spectroscopy
CHAPTER 14
Conjugated Compounds and Ultraviolet Spectroscopy
CHAPTER 15
Benzene and Aromaticity
CHAPTER 16
Chemistry of Benzene: Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution
CHAPTER 17
Alcohols and Phenols
CHAPTER 18
Ethers and Epoxides; Thiols and Sulfides
Preview of Carbonyl Chemistry
CHAPTER 19
Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition Reactions
CHAPTER 20
Carboxylic Acids and Nitriles
CHAPTER 21
Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution
Reactions
CHAPTER 22
Carbonyl Alpha-Substitution Reactions
CHAPTER 23
Carbonyl Condensation Reactions
CHAPTER 24
Amines and Heterocycles
CHAPTER 25
Biomolecules: Carbohydrates
CHAPTER 26
Biomolecules: Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins
CHAPTER 27
Biomolecules: Lipids
Additional Problems
CHAPTER 28
Biomolecules: Nucleic Acids
Additional Problems
CHAPTER 29
The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways
Additional Problems
CHAPTER 30
Orbitals and Organic Chemistry: Pericyclic Reactions
Additional Problems
CHAPTER 31
Synthetic Polymers
Additional Problems
Appendix A Nomenclature of Polyfunctional Organic Compounds
Appendix B Acidity Constants for Some Organic Compounds
Appendix C Glossary
Appendix D Periodic Table
Answer Key
Index
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Free download Organic Chemistry – A Tenth Edition By John E. McMurry
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