Introduction to Colloid and Surface Chemistry by Duncan J. Shaw (informative)
Free download Introduction to Colloid and Surface Chemistry by Duncan J. Shaw
4th edition
Authors of: Introduction to Colloid and Surface Chemistry by Duncan J. Shaw
Duncan J. Shaw
Table of Contents in Introduction to Colloid and Surface Chemistry by Duncan J. Shaw
Preface
1. The colloidal state
Introduction
Classification of colloidal systems
Structural characteristics
Preparation and purification of colloidal systems
2. Kinetic properties
The motion of particles in liquid media
Brownian motion and translational diffusion
The ultracentrifuge
Osmotic pressure
Rotary Brownian motion
3. Optical properties
Optical and electron microscopy
Light scattering
4. Liquid-gas and liquid-liquid interfaces
Surface and interfacial tensions
Adsorption and orientation at interfaces
Association colloids-micelle formation
Spreading
Monomolecular films
5. The solid-gas interface
Adsorption of gases and vapours on solids
Composition and structure of solid surfaces
6. The solid-liquid interface
Contact angles and wetting
Ore flotation
Detergency
Adsorption from solution
7. Charged interfaces
The electric double layer
Electrokinetic phenomena
Electrokinetic theory
8. Colloid stability
Lyophobic sols
Systems containing lyophilic material
Stability control
9. Rheology
Introduction
Viscosity
Non-Newtonian flow
Viscoelasticity
10. Emulsions and foams
Oil-in-water and water-in-oil emulsions
Foams
Problems
Answers
References
Index
This book offers a detailed examination of colloidal systems, exploring their structural, kinetic, optical, and interfacial properties. It provides a thorough foundation on the science of colloids and discusses their practical applications in various scientific fields. The chapters are designed to take the reader from fundamental concepts to more advanced topics such as charged interfaces, colloid stability, and rheology. With additional discussions on emulsions, foams, and adsorption phenomena, this book serves as a valuable resource for students, researchers, and professionals in chemistry, physics, and materials science.
Chapter 1: The Colloidal State
This chapter introduces the colloidal state, outlining the characteristics that differentiate colloids from other types of mixtures. It begins by classifying colloidal systems based on the phases of their dispersed and continuous mediums, such as solid-liquid, liquid-gas, and more. The chapter also discusses the structural characteristics of colloidal particles, including their size, shape, and distribution within the medium. Methods for preparing and purifying colloidal systems are described, including techniques like precipitation, dialysis, and ultrafiltration, which are crucial for studying and utilizing colloids in research and industrial applications.
Chapter 2: Kinetic Properties
Here, the kinetic properties of colloids are discussed, focusing on the movement of particles within a liquid medium. Topics include particle motion, Brownian motion (the random movement of particles due to molecular collisions), and translational diffusion. The chapter also covers advanced techniques such as the ultracentrifuge, which helps in analyzing colloidal particles, and the measurement of osmotic pressure in colloidal systems. In addition, the concept of rotary Brownian motion, where particles rotate randomly in a liquid, is introduced.
Chapter 3: Optical Properties
This chapter focuses on the optical properties of colloidal systems, emphasizing techniques used to visualize and study colloidal particles. It explains how both optical and electron microscopy allow for the observation of colloids at different scales. Light scattering, a key method for understanding particle size and distribution in colloids, is also discussed. The chapter highlights how these optical methods provide insights into the behavior and structure of colloidal systems in various environments.
Chapter 4: Liquid-Gas and Liquid-Liquid Interfaces
The fourth chapter covers the properties of liquid-gas and liquid-liquid interfaces in colloidal systems. It begins with surface and interfacial tensions, which are critical in understanding how particles interact at interfaces. The chapter also explores adsorption phenomena and how molecules orient themselves at these interfaces. Another focus is on **association colloids** and **micelle formation**, where molecules aggregate in a specific orientation in a solvent, significantly influencing the properties of the colloidal system. Further discussions on spreading and the formation of **monomolecular films** highlight the complexity of interactions at liquid interfaces.
Chapter 5: The Solid-Gas Interface
This chapter explores the solid-gas interface in colloidal systems. It delves into the adsorption of gases and vapors on solid surfaces, which is important in many industrial and environmental processes. The chapter also examines the composition and structure of solid surfaces, as well as how these factors influence adsorption phenomena. Understanding these interactions helps in various fields, such as catalysis and pollution control, where gas-solid interactions play a crucial role.
Chapter 6: The Solid-Liquid Interface
Here, the focus shifts to the solid-liquid interface, discussing phenomena like **contact angles** and **wetting**, which are essential in understanding how liquids spread over solid surfaces. The chapter also covers practical applications such as **ore flotation**, where particles are separated in mining processes, and **detergency**, the process by which dirt is removed using surfactants. The section on adsorption from solution provides insight into how molecules adhere to solid surfaces in liquid environments, a process relevant to filtration, catalysis, and many other applications.
Chapter 7: Charged Interfaces
Charged interfaces are discussed in this chapter, beginning with the concept of the **electric double layer**, which forms when a charged surface attracts oppositely charged ions. The chapter explores various **electrokinetic phenomena**, such as electrophoresis and electroosmosis, which occur when electric fields interact with colloidal particles. The theory behind these phenomena is also presented, providing a deeper understanding of how charged interfaces affect the stability and behavior of colloidal systems.
Chapter 8: Colloid Stability
Colloid stability is a critical factor in determining whether a colloidal system will remain stable or aggregate. This chapter discusses the factors that influence the stability of lyophobic sols (colloids with poor affinity between the dispersed particles and the dispersion medium) and systems containing lyophilic materials (where particles have a strong attraction to the dispersion medium). It also covers methods of controlling stability, such as the addition of stabilizing agents or the manipulation of ionic strength, which are important for maintaining the desired properties of colloidal systems.
Chapter 9: Rheology
The ninth chapter introduces rheology, the study of the flow and deformation of materials. It explains the concept ofviscosity, which measures a fluid’s resistance to flow, and explores how colloidal systems exhibit different flow behaviors, ranging from Newtonian to non-Newtonian flow. Viscoelasticity, where materials exhibit both viscous and elastic characteristics, is also discussed in the context of colloidal systems. These properties are significant in industries such as food production, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals, where the flow behavior of colloids affects product formulation and performance.
Chapter 10: Emulsions and Foams
The final chapter covers emulsions and foams, which are important types of colloidal systems. It explains the difference between oil-in-water and water-in-oil emulsions and how they are stabilized by surfactants. The chapter also discusses foams, which consist of gas bubbles dispersed in a liquid or solid. Practical applications of emulsions and foams are explored, along with common problems encountered in these systems.
Problems, Answers, References, and Index
The book concludes with a section containing problems for readers to test their understanding, followed by answers, references for further reading, and an index for quick topic lookup.
File Size: 7.81 MB. Pages: 215 Please read Disclaimer.
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