Handbook for Analytical Quality Control in Water And Wastewater Laboratories By EMSL
Free download Handbook for Analytical Quality Control in Water And Wastewater Laboratories By EMSL
ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND SUPPORT LABORATORY
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Authors of: Handbook for Analytical Quality Control in Water And Wastewater Laboratories By EMSL
J. B. Anderson
D. G. Ballinger
E. L. Berg
Table of Contents in Handbook for Analytical Quality Control in Water And Wastewater Laboratories By EMSL
Chapter
1 IMPORTANCE OF QUALITY CONTROL
1.1 General
1.2 Quality Assurance Programs
1.3 Analytical Methods
1.4 Reference
2 LABORATORY SERVICES
2.1 General
2.2 Distilled Water
2.3 Compressed Air
2.4 Vacuum
2.5 Hood System
2.6 Electrical Services
3 INSTRUMENT SELECTION
3.2 Analytical Balances
3.3 pH/Selective-lon Meters
3.4 Conductivity Meters
3.5 Turbidimeters (Nephelometers)
3.6 Spectrometers
3.7 Organic Carbon Analyzers
3.8 Gas Chromatographs
4 GLASSWARE
4.2 Types of Glassware
4.3 Volumetric Analyses
4.4 Federal Specifications for Volumetric Glassware
4.5 Cleaning of Glass and Porcelain
4.6 Special Cleaning Requirements
4.7 Disposable Glassware
4.8 Specialized Glassware
4.9 Fritted Ware
5 REAGENTS, SOLVENTS, AND GASES
5.2 Reagent Quality
vi OCR(6/2001) by RYA-R10
5.3 Elimination of Determinate Errors
6 QUALITY CONTROL FOR ANALYTICAL PERFORMANCE
6.2 The Industrial Approach to QC
6.3 Applying Control Charts in Environmental Laboratories
6.4 Recommended Laboratory Quality Assurance Program
6.5 Outline of a Comprehensive Quality Assurance Program
7 DATA HANDLING AND REPORTING
7.2 The Analytical Value
7.3 Glossary of Statistical Terms
7.4 Report Forms
8 SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS FOR TRACE ORGANIC ANALYSIS
8.2 Sampling and Sample Handling
8.3 Extract Handling
8.4 Supplies and Reagents
8.5 Quality Assurance
9 SKILLS AND TRAINING
9.1 General
9.2 Skills
9.3 Training
10 WATER AND WASTEWATER SAMPLING
10.2 Areas of Sampling
11 RADIOCHEMISTRY
11.2 Sample Collection
11.3 Laboratory Practices
11.4 Quality Control
12 MICROBIOLOGY
12.1 Background
12.2 Specific Needs in Microbiology
12.3 Intralaboratory Quality Control
12.4 Interlaboratory Quality Control
12.5 Development of a Formal Quality Assurance Program
12.6 Documentation of a Quality Assurance Program
vii OCR(6/2001) by RYA-R10
12.7 Chain-of-Custody Procedures for Microbiological Samples
13 AQUATIC BIOLOGY
13.1 Summary of General Guidelines
14 LABORATORY SAFETY
14.1 Law and Authority for Safety and Health
14.2 EPA Policy on Laboratory Safety
14.3 Laboratory Safety Practices
14.4 Report of Unsafe or Unhealthful Condition
Appendix A-Suggested Checklist for the Safety Evaluation of EPA Laboratory Areas A-1
viii OCR(6/2001) by RYA-R10
LIST OF FIGURES
4-1 Example of Markings on Glassware
6-1 Essentials of a Control Chart
6-2 Shewhart Control Chart for Percent Recovery Data
6-3 Procedure for Evaluating QC Data From a Monitoring Study
7-1 Example of Bench Sheet
7-2 Example of Summary Data Sheet
7-3 Example of STORET Report Form
7-4 Flow Chart of the Sequence of Events During a Controlled Series of
Laboratory Measurements
12-1 Example of Chain-of-Custody Sample Tag (a) Front, (b) Back
12-2 Example of a Sample Log Sheet
12-3 Example of a Chain-of-Custody Record
14-1 Health and Safety Inspection Checklist
14-2 Report of Unhealthful or Unsafe Condition
14-3 Notice of Unhealthful or Unsafe Condition
LIST OF TABLES
2-1 Water Purity
2-2 Requirements for Reagent Water
2-3 Comparison of Distillates From Glass and Metal Stills
3-1 Performance Characteristics of Typical pH/Selective-Ion Meter
3-2 Electrical Conductivity of Potassium Chloride Reference Solutions
4-1 Tolerances for Volumetric Glassware
4-2 Fritted Ware Porosity
6-1 Analyses of Total Phosphate-Phosphorus Standards, in Milligrams Per
Liter of Total PO4 -P
6-2 Estimates of the Range (R = A – B) and the Industrial Statistic (I = A –
(A + B) of Three Different Parameters for Various Concentration
Ranges
6-3 Shewhart Upper Control Limits UCL and Critical Range Rc Values for
the Differences Between Duplicate Analyses Within Specific Concentration
Ranges for Three Parameters
6-4 Critical Range Values for Varying Concentration Levels
9-1 Skill-Time Rating of Standard Analytical Operations
ix OCR(6/2001) by RYA-R10
10-1 Guidance for Water/Wastewater Sampling
11-1 Sample Handling, Preservation, Methodology, and Major Instrumentation
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