Water Treatment and Pathogen Control by Mark W LeChevallier (informative)

Free download Water Treatment and Pathogen Control by Mark W LeChevallier
Process Efficiency in Achieving Safe Drinking Water
Authors of: Water Treatment and Pathogen Control by Mark W LeChevallier
Mark W LeChevallier
Kwok-Keung Au
Table of Contents in Water Treatment and Pathogen Control by Mark W LeChevallier
Foreword
Acknowledgements
Acronyms and abbreviations used in the text
Executive summary
1 Introduction
Access to clean and safe drinking water is essential for public health, economic stability, and overall quality of life. However, the increasing threat of microbial contamination, industrial pollutants, and environmental challenges has made water treatment a complex and ever-evolving field. Water Treatment and Pathogen Control: Process Efficiency in Achieving Safe Drinking Water by Mark W. LeChevallier offers a comprehensive examination of the science, technology, and regulatory frameworks that govern modern water treatment systems.
The book delves into the core principles of water purification, analyzing the efficiency of various treatment processes in removing pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, protozoa, and other harmful microorganisms that pose risks to human health.
LeChevallier provides an in-depth review of both conventional and advanced water treatment technologies, covering processes such as coagulation, sedimentation, filtration, chlorination, ozonation, and ultraviolet (UV) disinfection. The book also explores innovative approaches, including membrane filtration, advanced oxidation, and biofiltration, which have gained prominence in enhancing microbial control and improving overall treatment efficiency. By evaluating the effectiveness of each method, the author offers valuable insights into the strengths and limitations of different treatment strategies under varying environmental conditions.
Beyond technical aspects, the book addresses key operational challenges that water treatment facilities face, such as maintaining treatment efficiency in the presence of fluctuating source water quality, preventing pathogen recontamination, and ensuring compliance with ever-tightening health and safety regulations. Additionally, LeChevallier highlights the importance of continuous monitoring, risk assessment, and adaptive management in optimizing water treatment processes. He discusses how advancements in microbial detection, data analytics, and real-time monitoring have revolutionized the industry, allowing for more precise control over waterborne pathogen risks.
Through a combination of scientific research, case studies, and practical applications, *Water Treatment and Pathogen Control* serves as a vital resource for engineers, water utility managers, public health officials, researchers, and policymakers who are dedicated to improving drinking water quality. The book emphasizes the need for a multi-barrier approach, integrating different treatment and disinfection techniques to achieve reliable pathogen control. By bridging the gap between theory and practice, LeChevallier provides readers with the tools and knowledge necessary to develop effective, sustainable, and resilient water treatment strategies.
As global concerns over waterborne diseases, climate change impacts, and emerging contaminants continue to rise, the insights presented in this book become increasingly relevant. With a focus on both foundational knowledge and cutting-edge innovations, *Water Treatment and Pathogen Control* not only informs but also inspires professionals to seek continuous improvements in water safety and public health protection. Whether for academic study, professional reference, or policy development, this book is an indispensable guide to understanding and enhancing the processes that ensure access to clean and pathogen-free drinking water worldwide.
1.1 Purpose and scope
1.2 Multiple barriers
1.3 Process control measures
2 Removal processes
2.1 Pretreatment
2.1.1 Roughing filters
2.1.2 Microstrainers
2.1.3 Off-stream storage
2.1.4 Bank infiltration
vi Water treatment and pathogen control
2.2 Coagulation, flocculation and sedimentation
2.2.1 Conventional clarification
2.2.2 High-rate clarification
2.2.3 Dissolved air flotation
2.2.4 Lime softening
2.2.5 In-line coagulation
2.3 Ion exchange
2.4 Filtration
2.5 Granular high-rate filtration
2.5.1 Design of granular filtration
2.5.2 Mechanism of action of granular filtration
2.5.3 Importance of chemical coagulation pretreatment
2.5.4 Effect of filter media design
2.5.5 Importance of filter backwash
2.6 Slow sand filtration
2.6.1 Design and action of slow sand filters
2.6.2 Protection provided by slow sand filtration
2.7 Precoat filtration
2.7.1 Removal of microbes
2.7.2 Importance of chemical pretreatment
2.8 Membrane filtration
2.8.1 Microfiltration
2.8.2 Ultrafiltration
2.8.3 Nanofiltration and reverse osmosis
2.9 Bag, cartridge and fibrous filters
3 Inactivation (disinfection) processes
3.1 Factors affecting disinfection
3.2 Pretreatment oxidation
3.3 Primary disinfection
3.3.1 Chlorine
3.3.2 Monochloramine
3.3.3 Chlorine dioxide
3.3.4 Ozone
3.3.5 Ultraviolet light
3.3.6 Mixed
3.4 Secondary
3.4.1 Maintenance of water quality in the distribution system
3.4.2 Factors affecting microbial occurrence
3.4.3 Other non-chlorine disinfectants
4 Performance models
4.1 Removal process models
4.1.1 Transport
4.1.2 Attachment
4.1.3 Effects of process variables on removal efficiency
4.2 Disinfection models
4.2.1 Integrated disinfection design framework
5 Treatment variability
5.1 Effects of process variability
5.2 Relationships between treatment processes
5.3 Dynamic nature of treatment processes
5.4 Effects of changes in raw water quality
5.5 Variability due to process measurements
6 Process control
6.1 Risk assessment and process control
6.2 Source water protection
6.3 Coagulation, flocculation and clarification
6.4 Filtration
6.5 Disinfection
6.6 Distribution system
7 Reference list
Index
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