Basics of Analytical Chemistry and Chemical Equilibria 2e By Brian Tissue (informative)
Free download Basics of Analytical Chemistry and Chemical Equilibria 2e By Brian Tissue
2nd Edition
Authors of: Basics of Analytical Chemistry and Chemical Equilibria 2e By Brian Tissue
Brian Tissue
Table of Contents in Basics of Analytical Chemistry and Chemical Equilibria 2e By Brian Tissue
PREFACE
ABOUT THE COMPANION WEBSITE
I QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS USING REACTIONS THAT GO TO “COMPLETION”
1 MAKING MEASUREMENTS
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Glp and a Few Other Important Acronyms
1.3 Precision and Random Error
1.4 Discarding a Suspected Outlier
1.5 Calibration
1.6 Maintaining Accurate Results
Practice Exercises
2 SAMPLE PREPARATION, EXTRACTIONS, AND
CHROMATOGRAPHY
2.1 Sampling and Control Samples
2.2 Sample Preparation
2.3 Solvents and Solutions
2.4 Introduction to Solubility
2.5 Extraction and Partitioning Theory
2.6 Introduction to Stationary Phases
2.7 Solid-Phase Extraction (SPE)
2.8 Column Chromatography
Practice Exercises
3 CLASSICAL METHODS
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Review of Chemical Reactions
3.3 Reactions in Aqueous Solution
3.4 Gravimetry
3.5 Titration
3.6 Titration Curves
3.7 Coulometry
Practice Exercises
4 MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Properties of EM Radiation
4.3 Electromagnetic Spectrum
4.4 Spectroscopic Transitions
4.5 UV/Vis Absorption Spectroscopy
4.6 UV/Vis Instrumentation
4.7 Beer–Lambert Law
4.8 Molecular Fluorescence
Practice Exercises
II REACTIONS THAT DO NOT GO TO “COMPLETION.”
EQUILIBRIA IN AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS
5 ACID–BASE EQUILIBRIA AND ACTIVITY
5.1 Acids and Bases
5.2 Weak Acids and Weak Bases
5.3 Water and Kw
5.4 Acid Strength
5.5 The Concept of Activity
5.6 Acid–Base Equilibrium Calculations
Practice Exercises
6 BUFFER SOLUTIONS AND POLYPROTIC ACIDS
6.1 Buffer Solutions
6.2 Alpha Fraction Plots
6.3 Weak Acid Titration Curve
6.4 Polyprotic Acids
Practice Exercises
7 METAL–LIGAND COMPLEXATION
7.1 Complex Terminology
7.2 Complex Equilibria
7.3 Competing Equilibria
7.4 Stepwise Complexation
7.5 Immunoassays
Practice Exercises
8 PRECIPITATION EQUILIBRIA
8.1 Precipitate Equilibrium
8.2 Molar Solubility
8.3 Common-Ion Effect
8.4 Precipitation and Competing Equilibria
8.5 Drinking Water
Practice Exercises
III INSTRUMENTAL METHODS AND ANALYTICAL
SEPARATIONS 311
9 ELECTROANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Standard Reduction Potentials
9.3 Using Half Reactions
9.4 Background on Spontaneous Reactions and Equilibrium /
9.5 Reaction Energies, Voltages, and the Nernst Equation /
9.6 Electrochemical Cells /
9.7 Potentiometry /
9.8 Ion-Selective Electrodes (ISE) /
9.9 Voltammetry /
Practice Exercises /
10 ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY
10.1 Atomization /
10.2 Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS) /
10.3 Atomic Emission Spectrometry (AES) /
10.4 Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) /
10.5 Other Mass Spectrometer Designs /
Practice Exercises /
11 MOLECULAR STRUCTURE DETERMINATION
11.1 Introduction /
11.2 Molecular Mass Spectrometry
11.3 Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy
11.4 FTIR Instrumentation
11.5 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
11.6 NMR Instrumentation
Practice Exercises
12 ANALYTICAL SEPARATIONS
12.1 Thin-Layer Chromatography
12.2 Chromatogram Terminology
12.3 Separation Efficiency
12.4 Gas Chromatography (GC)
12.5 Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS)
12.6 High Performance Liquid Chromatography
12.7 Electrophoresis
**Preface**
This text is organized to provide a comprehensive guide to various analytical chemistry techniques, including those that lead to completion reactions, reactions that do not go to completion, and instrumental methods. Additionally, it includes practice exercises to reinforce the concepts covered in each chapter.
**About the Companion Website**
The companion website provides additional resources and materials to supplement the content covered in the text.
**Part I: Quantitative Analysis Using Reactions That Go to “Completion”**
**Chapter 1: Making Measurements**
This chapter introduces the fundamentals of making precise and accurate measurements in quantitative analysis. It covers essential concepts such as Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) and other important acronyms. Topics include understanding precision, random error, and the proper method for discarding suspected outliers. Calibration techniques and methods for maintaining accurate results are also discussed. The chapter concludes with practice exercises to apply the concepts learned.
**Chapter 2: Sample Preparation, Extractions, and Chromatography**
Chapter 2 delves into the critical steps of sample preparation, including sampling techniques, control samples, and the preparation of solutions. It introduces solubility, extraction, and partitioning theory, followed by an exploration of stationary phases and solid-phase extraction (SPE). The chapter also covers the basics of column chromatography, providing foundational knowledge for chromatographic separation techniques. Practice exercises help reinforce these concepts.
**Chapter 3: Classical Methods**
This chapter provides an overview of classical analytical methods, starting with a review of chemical reactions, particularly those in aqueous solutions. Key methods such as gravimetry and titration are covered, along with titration curves and coulometry. These classical techniques are essential for understanding the basic principles of quantitative chemical analysis. Practice exercises at the end of the chapter allow for hands-on application of these methods.
**Chapter 4: Molecular Spectroscopy**
Chapter 4 introduces molecular spectroscopy, focusing on the properties of electromagnetic (EM) radiation and the electromagnetic spectrum. The chapter explores spectroscopic transitions, UV/Vis absorption spectroscopy, and UV/Vis instrumentation. The Beer–Lambert Law, a fundamental principle in spectroscopy, is discussed, along with molecular fluorescence. Practice exercises are included to facilitate understanding of these topics.
**Part II: Reactions That Do Not Go to “Completion”: Equilibria in Aqueous Solutions**
**Chapter 5: Acid–Base Equilibria and Activity**
This chapter covers the principles of acid-base equilibria, focusing on acids, bases, weak acids, and weak bases. It introduces the concept of water ionization and the water dissociation constant, Kw. The chapter also discusses acid strength and the concept of activity, followed by acid-base equilibrium calculations. Practice exercises are provided to reinforce these concepts.
**Chapter 6: Buffer Solutions and Polyprotic Acids**
Chapter 6 explains buffer solutions, including the use of alpha fraction plots and weak acid titration curves. The chapter also covers polyprotic acids, providing a comprehensive understanding of acid-base chemistry in aqueous solutions. Practice exercises are included to enhance learning.
**Chapter 7: Metal–Ligand Complexation**
This chapter introduces metal-ligand complexation, covering key terminology and complex equilibria. It discusses competing equilibria, stepwise complexation, and immunoassays. Practice exercises help solidify the reader’s understanding of these complex chemical interactions.
**Chapter 8: Precipitation Equilibria**
Chapter 8 focuses on precipitation equilibria, molar solubility, and the common-ion effect. It also explores precipitation in the context of competing equilibria and its application to drinking water analysis. Practice exercises provide an opportunity for practical application.
**Part III: Instrumental Methods and Analytical Separations**
**Chapter 9: Electroanalytical Chemistry**
Chapter 9 introduces electroanalytical chemistry, covering topics such as standard reduction potentials, half-reactions, spontaneous reactions, and equilibrium. The chapter discusses reaction energies, voltages, and the Nernst equation, along with electrochemical cells, potentiometry, ion-selective electrodes (ISE), and voltammetry. Practice exercises are provided for hands-on learning.
**Chapter 10: Atomic Spectrometry**
This chapter explores atomic spectrometry, including atomization and techniques such as atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), atomic emission spectrometry (AES), and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). It also discusses other mass spectrometer designs. Practice exercises are included to reinforce these concepts.
Chapter 11: Molecular Structure Determination
Chapter 11 provides an overview of molecular structure determination methods, including molecular mass spectrometry and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). It also covers nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and their respective instrumentation. Practice exercises help readers apply these techniques.
Chapter 12: Analytical Separations
The final chapter covers various analytical separation techniques, including thin-layer chromatography, gas chromatography (GC), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and electrophoresis. It also discusses chromatogram terminology and separation efficiency. Practice exercises at the end of the chapter provide an opportunity to apply these analytical techniques in practical scenarios.
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