Advanced Practical Organic Chemistry By John Leonard (informative)
Free download Advanced Practical Organic Chemistry By John Leonard
3rd Edition
Authors of: Advanced Practical Organic Chemistry By John Leonard
John Leonard
Barry Lygo
Garry Procter
Table of Contents in Advanced Practical Organic Chemistry By John Leonard
Here’s the text with the dots and page numbers removed:
List of Figures
List of Tables
Preface
Authors
Chapter 1 General introduction
Chapter 2 Safety
2.1 Safety is your primary responsibility
2.2 Safe working practice
2.3 Safety risk assessments
2.4 Common hazards
2.4.1 Injuries caused by use of laboratory equipment and apparatus
2.4.2 Toxicological and other hazards caused by chemical exposure
2.4.3 Chemical explosion and fire hazards
2.5 Accident and emergency procedures
Bibliography
Chapter 3 Keeping records of laboratory work
3.1 Introduction
3.2 The laboratory notebook
3.2.1 Why keep a lab book?
3.2.2 Laboratory records, experimental validity, and intellectual property
3.2.3 How to write a lab book: Paper or electronic
3.2.4 Paper lab notebook: Suggested lab notebook format
3.2.5 Electronic laboratory notebooks
3.3 Keeping records of data
3.3.1 Purity, structure determination, and characterization
3.3.2 What types of data should be collected?
3.3.3 Organizing your data records
3.4 Some tips on report and thesis preparation
3.4.1 Sections of a report or thesis
3.4.2 Planning a report or thesis
3.4.3 Writing the report or thesis
Bibliography
Chapter 4 Equipping the laboratory and the bench
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Setting up the laboratory
4.3 General laboratory equipment
4.3.1 Rotary evaporators
4.3.2 Refrigerator and/or freezer
4.3.3 Glass-drying ovens
4.3.4 Vacuum oven
4.3.5 Balances
4.3.6 Kugelrohr bulb-to-bulb distillation apparatus
4.3.7 Vacuum pumps
4.3.8 Inert gases
4.3.9 Solvent stills
4.3.10 General distillation equipment
4.3.11 Large laboratory glassware
4.3.12 Reaction monitoring
4.4 The individual bench
4.4.1 Routine glassware
4.4.2 Additional personal items
4.4.3 Specialized personal items
4.4.3.1 Double manifold
4.4.3.2 Three-way Quickfit gas inlet T taps
4.4.3.3 Filtration aids
4.4.3.4 Glassware for chromatography
4.5 Equipment for parallel experiments
4.5.1 Simple reactor blocks that attach to magnetic stirrer hot plates
4.5.2 Stand-alone reaction tube blocks
4.5.3 Automated weighing systems
4.5.4 Automated parallel dosing and sampling systems
4.6 Equipment for controlled experimentation
4.6.1 Jacketed vessels
4.6.2 Circulating heater-chillers
4.6.3 Peltier heater-chillers
4.6.4 Syringe pumps
4.6.5 Automated reaction control systems
4.6.6 All-in-one controlled reactor and calorimeter systems
Chapter 5 Purification and drying of solvents
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Purification of solvents
5.3 Drying agents
5.3.1 Alumina, Al2O3
5.3.2 Barium oxide, BaO
5.3.3 Boric anhydride, B2O3
5.3.4 Calcium chloride, CaCl2
5.3.5 Calcium hydride, CaH2
5.3.6 Calcium sulfate, CaSO4
5.3.7 Lithium aluminum hydride, LiAlH4
5.3.8 Magnesium, Mg
5.3.9 Magnesium sulfate, MgSO4
5.3.10 Molecular sieves
5.3.11 Phosphorus pentoxide, P2O5
5.3.12 Potassium hydroxide, KOH
5.3.13 Sodium, Na
5.3.14 Sodium sulfate, Na2SO4
5.4 Drying of solvents
5.4.1 Solvent drying towers
5.4.2 Solvent stills
5.4.3 Procedures for purifying and drying common solvents
5.4.4 Karl Fisher analysis of water content
References
Chapter 6 Reagents: Preparation, purification, and handling
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Classification of reagents for handling
6.3 Techniques for obtaining pure and dry reagents
6.3.1 Purification and drying of liquids
6.3.2 Purifying and drying solid reagents
6.4 Techniques for handling and measuring reagents
6.4.1 Storing liquid reagents or solvents under an inert atmosphere
6.4.2 Bulk transfer of a liquid under inert atmosphere (cannulation)
6.4.3 Using cannulation techniques to transfer measured volumes of liquid under inert atmosphere
6.4.4 Use of syringes for the transfer of reagents or solvents
6.4.5 Handling and weighing solids under inert atmosphere
6.5 Preparation and titration of simple organometallic reagents and lithium amide bases
6.5.1 General considerations
6.5.2 Preparation of Grignard reagents (e.g., phenylmagnesium bromide)
6.5.3 Titration of Grignard reagents
6.5.4 Preparation of organolithium reagents (e.g., n-butyllithium)
6.5.5 Titration of organolithium reagents (e.g., n-butyllithium)
6.5.6 Preparation of lithium amide bases (e.g., lithium diisopropylamide)
6.6 Preparation of diazomethane
6.6.1 Safety measures
6.6.2 Preparation of diazomethane (a dilute ethereal solution)
6.6.3 General procedure for esterification of carboxylic acids
6.6.4 Titration of diazomethane solutions
References
Chapter 7 Gases
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Use of gas cylinders
7.2.1 Fitting and using a pressure regulator on a gas cylinder
7.3 Handling gases
7.4 Measurement of gases
7.4.1 Measurement of a gas using a standardized solution
7.4.2 Measurement of a gas using a gas-tight syringe
7.4.3 Measurement of a gas using a gas burette
7.4.4 Quantitative analysis of hydride solutions using a gas burette
7.4.5 Measurement of a gas by condensation
7.4.6 Measurement of a gas using a quantitative reaction
7.5 Inert gases
7.6 Reagent gases
7.6.1 Gas scrubbers
7.6.2 Methods for preparing some commonly used gases
References
Chapter 8 Vacuum pumps
Chapter 9 Carrying out the reaction
Chapter 10 Working up the reaction
Chapter 11 Purification
11.1 Introduction
Chapter 12 Small-scale reactions
Chapter 13 Large-scale reactions
Chapter 14 Special procedures
Chapter 15 Characterization.
Chapter 16 Troubleshooting: What to do when things
don’t work
Chapter 17 The chemical literature
References
Appendix 1: Properties of common solvents
Appendix 2: Properties of common gases
Appendix 3: Approximate pKa values for some common
reagents versus common bases
Appendix 4: Common Bronsted acids
Appendix 5: Common Lewis acids
Appendix 6: Common reducing reagents
Appendix 7: Common oxidizing reagents
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