Biochemistry For Dummies by John T. Moore (informative)

Free download Biochemistry For Dummies by John T. Moore
Authors of: Biochemistry For Dummies by John T. Moore
John T. Moore
Richard Langley
Table of Contents in Biochemistry For Dummies by John T. Moore
Introduction
Part I: Setting the Stage: Basic Biochemistry Concepts
Chapter 1: Biochemistry: What You Need to Know and
Chapter 2: Dive In: Water Chemistry
Chapter 3: Fun with Carbon: Organic Chemistry
Part II: The Meat of Biochemistry: Proteins
Chapter 4: Amino Acids: The Building Blocks of Protein
Chapter 5: Protein Structure and Function
Chapter 6: Enzymes Kinetics: Getting There Faster
Part III: Carbohydrates, Lipids, Nucleic Acids, and More
Chapter 7: What We Crave: Carbohydrates
Chapter 8: Lipids and Membranes
Chapter 9: Nucleic Acids and the Code of Life
Chapter 10: Vitamins and Nutrients
Chapter 11: Be Quiet: Hormones
Part IV: Bioenergetics and Pathways
Chapter 12: Life and Energy
Chapter 13: ATP: The Body’s Monetary
Chapter 14: Smelly Biochemistry: Nitrogen in Biological
Part V: Genetics: Why We Are What We
Chapter 15: Photocopying DNA
Chapter 16: Transcribe This! RNA Transcription
Chapter 17: Translation: Protein Synthesis
Part VI: The Part of Tens
Chapter 18: Ten Great Applications of Biochemistry
Chapter 19: Ten Biochemistry Careers
Index
Introduction
About This Book
Conventions Used in This Book
Icons Used in This Book
What You’re Not to Read
Foolish Assumptions
How This Book Is Organized
Part I: Setting the Stage: Basic Biochemistry Concepts
Part II: The Meat of Biochemistry: Proteins
Part III: Carbohydrates, Lipids, Nucleic Acids, and More
Part IV: Bioenergetics and Pathways
Part V: Genetics: Why We Are What We Are
Part VI: The Part of Tens
Where to Go from Here
Part I: Setting the Stage: Basic Biochemistry Concepts
Chapter 1: Biochemistry: What You Need to Know and Why
Why Biochemistry?
What Is Biochemistry and Where Does It Take Place?
Types of Living Cells
Prokaryotes
Eukaryotes
Animal Cells and How They Work
A Brief Look at Plant Cells
Chapter 2: Dive In: Water Chemistry
The Fundamentals of
Let’s get wet! Physical properties of water
Water’s most important biochemical role: The solvent
Hydrogen Ion Concentration: Acids and
Achieving
Sour and bitter numbers: The pH
Calculating
Strong and weak: Brønsted-Lowry theory
Buffers and pH
Identifying common physiological
Calculating a buffer’s pH
02_194287 ftoc.qxp 3/27/08 12:30 AM Page ix
Chapter 3: Fun with Carbon: Organic Chemistry
The Role of Carbon in the Study of Life
It’s All in the Numbers: Carbon Bonds
Sticky Chemistry: Bond Strengths
Everybody has ‘em: Intermolecular forces
Water-related interactions: Both the lovers and the haters
How bond strengths affect physical properties of
Defining a Molecule’s Reactivity: Functional Groups
Hydrocarbons
Functional groups with oxygen and
Functional groups containing nitrogen
Functional groups containing
Reactions of functional
pH and functional
Same Content, Different Structure:
Cis-trans
Chiral carbons
Part II: The Meat of Biochemistry: Proteins
Chapter 4: Amino Acids: The Building Blocks of Protein
General Properties of Amino Acids
Amino acids are positive and negative: The zwitterion formation
Protonated? pH and the isoelectric point
Asymmetry: Chiral amino acids
The Magic 20 Amino
Nonpolar (hydrophobic) amino
Polar and uncharged (hydrophilic) amino acids
Acidic amino acids
Basic amino
Lest We Forget: Rarer Amino Acids
Rudiments of Amino Acid Interactions
Intermolecular forces: How an amino acid reacts with
other molecules
Altering interactions by changing an amino acid’s
Combining Amino Acids: How It
The peptide bond and the
Tripeptide: adding an amino acid to a dipeptide
Chapter 5: Protein Structure and Function
Primary Structure: The Structure Level All Proteins Have
Building a protein: Outlining the process
Organizing the amino
Example: The primary structure of
Biochemistry For Dummies x
Secondary Structure: A Structure Level Most Proteins Have
The α-
The β-pleated
β-turns and the Ω-
Tertiary Structure: A Structure Level Many Proteins Have
Quaternary Structure: A Structure Level Some Proteins Have
Dissecting a Protein for Study
Separating proteins within a cell and purifying them
Digging into the details: Uncovering a protein’s amino acid
Chapter 6: Enzymes Kinetics: Getting There Faster
Enzyme Classification: The Best Catalyst for the Job
Up one, down one: Oxidoreductases
You don’t belong here: Transferases
Water does it again: Hydrolases
Taking it apart:
Shuffling the deck: Isomerases
Putting it together: Ligases
Enzymes as Catalysts: When Fast Is Not Fast Enough
Models of catalysis: Lock and key versus induced-fit
All About Kinetics
Enzyme assays: Fixed time and kinetic
Rate determination: How fast is fast?
Measuring Enzyme Behavior: The Michaelis-Menten
Ideal applications
Realistic
Here we go again: Lineweaver-Burk plots
Enzyme Inhibition: Slowing It Down
Competititive inhibition
Graphing inhibition
Enzyme
Allosteric
Multiple enzyme forms
Covalent
Proteolytic activation
Part III: Carbohydrates, Lipids, Nucleic Acids,
and More
Chapter 7: What We Crave: Carbohydrates
Chapter 8: Lipids and Membranes
Chapter 9: Nucleic Acids and the Code of Life
Chapter 10: Vitamins and Nutrients
Chapter 11: Be Quiet: Hormones
Chapter 12: Life and Energy
Chapter 13: ATP: The Body’s Monetary System
Chapter 14: Smelly Biochemistry: Nitrogen in Biological Systems
Chapter 15: Photocopying DNA
Chapter 16: Transcribe This! RNA Transcription
Chapter 17: Translation: Protein Synthesis
Chapter 18: Ten Great Applications of Biochemistry
Index
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